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70 year old with respiratory distress (Viral complications from cold or…
70 year old with respiratory distress
Viral complications from cold or flu
unaccustomed to high elevation
Weakened immune system due to old age
fewer WBC's due to thymic atrophy
Wet cough, shallow breathing
Fluid retention reduces hydrostatic pressure and impairs gas exchange
High altitude
acclimatization (respiratory and hematopoietic adjustments via adaptive response)
less O2 lower than normal hemoglobin saturation levels
Viral infection
Pneumonia
8th most common cause of death in the united states
Lung Anatomy
Type I Alveolar cell
Type II Alveolar Cells
Alveolar Macrophages
alveoli
alveolar sac
alveolar duct
respiratory bronchioles
terminal bronchiole
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Respiratory Physiology
Intrapulmonary pressure
Pressure in alveoli
equalizes with atmospheric pressure
Boyles Law
Increased volume, decreased pressure
Daltons Law
each gas in a mixture of gases exerts pressure in proportion to its percentage in total mixture
Alveolar air is higher in CO2, and lower in O2 than atmospheric air
Henrys Law
amount of gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to partial pressure of that gas
Inflammation on respiratory system
deterioration of alveolar walls
excess mucus
fibrosis of lower respiratory mucosa