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14 Categories of Disabilities Under IDEA by Cohort 10 (1. Autism Spectrum…

- - - - Categories of mild, moderate, severe and profound levels of intellectual impairment are defined on the basis of IQ scores. A person is classified as having an intellectual disability if their IQ falls below 70. (Achieve Australia 2019).
- - - - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiLBPsTRLnQ
  - - - Allow extra time to complete tests and in class assignments.
      - Allow extended breaks
      - Provide both oral and written instructions for the student
      - Have student seated near the front of the classroom
      - Avoid putting student in high pressure situations
      - Administer tests in a quiet environment with less distractions
      - Reduce quantity of work required
    - - Speech generating devices can help students with communication difficulties.
        
        GoTalks are useful speech generating devices. : :smiley:
      - Audio and video recording devices can help students take notes and review them at their own pace. :pencil2:
        
        Smart phones
        
        Video cameras
        
        Tape recorders
      - Speech recognition software can help students that have better oral skills than writing skills.
        
        Dragon is a useful speech to text transcribing program. :fire:
- - - - Difficulty reading out loud
      - Poor reading comprehension
      - Struggling to write papers and essays
      - Trouble understanding lectures
      - Difficulty holding a pencil
    - - Speech-to-Text Software
        Students with learning disabilities often struggle to communicate with their words on paper. This can negatively impact their grades, particularly when it comes to essays. While they might have a firm grasp on the concept, it doesn’t show through when they attempt to commit those ideas to paper. The speech-to-text software can make this a little easier for students who have a language-based processing disability.
        
        Text-to-Speech Software
        Similar to the speech-to-text option, students with learning disabilities might benefit from having the text read out loud to them. Students can take control of their own learning with text-to-speech software that will read anything they need.
        
        Talking Calculators
        Students with learning disabilities like dyscalculia might be able to benefit from a talking calculator. These devices read the numbers and symbols out loud which could help improve comprehension. Hearing the numbers makes it easier for students to organize them and verify whether the numbers are accurate before filling the answer in on the worksheet.
        
        Audiobook Software
        Reading is a normal part of the curriculum in every classroom, but it can be very challenging for students with learning disabilities. Instead of mandating that all students read a particular novel, you might want to give children an option to listen to the audiobook.
- - - - Sometimes, an impairment of this nature does not affect cognitive ability, which means the child needs high-level mental stimulation, but their disability will create barriers to that high level mental stimulation because they cannot obtain it on their own. Furthermore, this could present psychological difficulties. (Heller & Swinehart-Jones, 2003)
        
        Types of Orthopedic Impairment
        
        Neuromotor Impairments
        
        Cerebral Palsy: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cerebral-palsy/symptoms-causes/syc-20353999
        
        Musculoskeletal Disorders
        
        Contractures: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003185.htm
        
        Congenital Anomaly: https://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=12758
        
        Amputations:https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/definition-amputation#1
        
        Degenerative Diseases
        
        Muscular Dystrophy: https://www.webmd.com/children/what-is-muscular-dystrophy#1
        
        Assistive Technologies
        
        Altered pencils and pens
        
        Altered keyboards (BAT)
        
        Powerpads
        
        Eye-controlled input systems (cyberlink)
        
        Touch screens
        
        Track ball
        
        Foot mice
        
        Standing table
        
        Easels
        
        Adjustable seats and desks
        
        Portable reading racks
        
        Speech-controlled input systems (dragon-dictate and write-away)
        
        Icon-driven communication (dynavox)
        
        (Arison & Barco-Kida, 2004)
        
        Accomodations
        
        Help with accessing and interacting with all classroom materials and utensiles
        
        Prone to fatigue because of increased effort to move and perhaps as a side-effect of medication. If the student is tired, they may need a rest, and they should not be pushed.
        
        Slow in action, requiring many minutes to perform simple tasks (not necessarily because of low cognitive ability). This will require the teacher to give them extra time to perform and respond.
        
        Restricted communication - cannot talk about activities or events, convey ideas, or ask questions. This is a complicated problem because of physically restrictive elements (such as not being able to move their mouth properly), limited experience (not having the typical experience that conveys context and meaning), and because of affected cognitive ability. The teacher will need to understand the student better so as to be more intuitive about the student's expression.
        
        Decrease in classroom participation. The teacher will need to make sure to not give up on the student and give them a chance according to their ability and energy level. The teacher should not assume that the student's participation level cannot be improved. The teacher can assign a helper (even another student) or they can be given an independent task.
        
        (Heller & Swinehart-Jones, 2003) (Dominica, S. (2010, May 13)).
        
        Students may be in constant pain or discomfort. This will require sensitivity and empathy on the part of the teacher to not only understand but also aid in helping the student cope.
        
        Students may be absent a lot because of surgeries, hospitalizations, and illness. This may require distance learning methods
        
        Students may be the subject of ridicule by their peers. The teacher needs to prepare the other students to accept and actively include the impaired.
        
        The teacher needs to know the medication the student is using and its side-effects. Also, the teacher needs to understand any warning signs in the deterioration of health in the student and know how to act appropriately.
      - However, these conditions may cause, be caused by, or occur in conjunction with other conditions, putting this category closely with #8. Multiple Disabilities. (Heller & Swinehart-Jones, 2003)
- - - - Clip on microphone for instructor
- - - - Some deaf people can hear some sounds; those who cannot hear any sounds are considered to have profound deafness. (Felman, 2018)