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G9 Biology (System (Digestive system (Enzymes (Amylase (Breaks down…

- - - - Amylase
        
        Breaks down carbohydrates into glucose
        
        Occurs in mouth and small intestines
        
        Produced in pancreas and salivary gland
      - Lipase
        
        Breaks down fat into fatty acids
        
        Occurs in small intestines
        
        Produced in pancreas and stomach
      - Protease
        
        Breaks down Protein into amino acids
        
        Occurs in stomach and small intestines
        
        Produced in pancreas and stomach
    - - Chemical Digestion
      - Mechanical Digestion
        
        Mastication (Chewing)
    - - Accessory organs
        
        Liver
        
        Takes the raw materials absorbed by the small intestine and uses them to make key chemicals
        
        Its role includes detoxification, storage, metabolism, bile production etc.
        
        Creates bile and gives it to the gall bladder
        
        Pancreas
        
        Produces a broad spectrum of enzymes that are released into the small intestine via the duodenum
        
        Also secretes certain hormones (insulin, glucagon
        
        Salivary Gland
        
        Releases saliva to moisten food and contains enzymes (e.g. amylase) to initiate starch breakdown
        
        Contains amylase to initiate starch breakdown in the mouth
        
        Gall Bladder
        
        Temporarily stores bile produced by the liver (used to emulsify fats...)
        
        Releases bile into the small intestines through the bile duct
      - Alimentary canal
        
        Oesophagus
        
        Uses the circular and longitudinal muscle to perform peristalsis to push the bolus of food down
        
        Connects the oral cavity to the stomach (separated from the trachea by the epiglottis)
        
        Stomach
        
        A temporary storage tank where food is mixed by chruning and protein digestion
        
        Has a pH of 2, a very acidic environment, as enzymes work best in that environment
        
        Specialized cells protect us from the stomach acid (also known has hydrochloric acid)
        
        Small Intestines
        
        A long folded tube where usable food substances (nutrients) are absorbed
        
        Consists of three sections: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
        
        Contains villi which increases the surface area of the small intestine to absorb nutrients
        
        Large Intestines
        
        Divided into 5 parts: Ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid colon, and the rectum
        
        Absorbs water and ions (minerals)
  - - - Lungs
        
        Trachea
        
        Bronchi
        
        Alvero
        
        Alveoli exchanges oxygen for carbon dioxide with the deoxygenated blood in the capillary
      - Diagram
    - - Passive Diffution
        
        Cellular respiration
        
        6O2+C6H12O6 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy(ATP)
        
        Glycolysis
        
        Glucose --> 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP
        
        Aerobic Respiration
        
        1 more item...
        
        ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
        
        1 more item...
        
        ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
        
        2 more items...
        
        Anaerobic Respiration
        
        1 more item...
        
        Occurs in the cytoplasm
        
        does not require oxygen
        
        Deoxygenated blood passes the carbon dioxide to the Alveoli which gets exhaled
  - - - When the product of a reaction leads to an increase to the reaction
    - - When the product of a reaction leads to a change in the reaction
- - - - It is responsible for anaerobic respiration
    - - It is the powerhouse of a cell, and it generates most of the chemical energy inside a cell. Chemical energy produced by the mitochondria is storied inside ATP
      - It is a double membrane bound organelle that is mainly found in most eukaryotes organisms
    - - Organelles that are found in plant cells organisms that are capable of photosynthesis
      - Captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into ATP
- - - - Taking water and glucose and making energy and more