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Macronutrient Adv Topics Exam Study Guide (Nutritional Genomics…
Macronutrient Adv Topics Exam Study Guide
Nutritional Genomics
Definitions of –nutrigenetics, nutrigenomics, SNP, epigenetics
Nutrigenomics: How foods affect gene expression
SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphisms: genetic mutation that involves a single base pair that alters function.
Epigenetics: How diet affects methylation patterns in utero
Nutrigenetics: How genetic makeup affects the body’s response to certain foods and its implications on health status/disease risk.
SNPs that affect glucose metabolism
According to Ortega et al. what food components affect glucose metabolism? By what mechanism? Provide at least 3-4 specific examples
Polyphenols
Flavonoids (See table on Ortega p 5-6)
Flavan-3-ols
catechins
EGCG
Flavanones
naringin, hesperidin
naringin
Flavonols
quercetin
Flavones
luteolin, apigenin
Isoflavones
daidzein, genistein
genistein
Anthocyanins
Phenolic Acid
caffeic acid
chlorogenic acid (coffee)
ferulic acid
Vitamin (See table 2; p 9)
D
A
E, tocopherols
Biotin
Ascorbic acid (vit C)
B
Amino Acid
BCAA - isoleucine, lecine, valine
L-leucine
aromatic AA - phenylalanine, tyrosine
arginine
Dietary fat
SFA
MUFA oleic acid vs linoleic acid
According to Franzago et al. what SNPs affect glucose metabolism and diabetes risk?
What is the mechanism(s) contributing to these effects? How does this vary compared to epigenetic factors?
What endocrine factors affect glucose regulation, how specifically to insulin, glucagon, leptin, and adiponectin play a role?