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Anthropology part 2 (primatology (Apes (Gorilla (b, both have rotating…

- - - - all primate societies have dominance hierarchies and aggression among the males for access to food and females
    - - b
      - both have rotating forearms, grasping hands and feet, forward-facing eyes, and relatively larger brain.
    - - all primates groom one another
  - - - observe primates in laboratories
        
        Most of the apes tested in the laboratories were raised the way the scientists wanted to and not naturally and was not abltgetg ngtt5thya
      - observe primates in their natural habitats
        
        In natural habitats Jane Goodall was able to see with her own eyes how the apes grow up, act, and live
- - - - For example, bodies in Canada are usually buried face up in a coffin
- - - - Essential to the survival to the species
      - variety in species
    - - passing down traits from parents to offspring
        
        physical characteristics: eye colour, skin colour, blood type
        
        dietary characteristics: restrictions/advantages
    - - individuals who are better adapted to their environment will produce more offspring and pass on their traits to the next generation
  - - - Darkest skin has the most protection from UV Rays
      - Lighter skin absorbs more vitamin D which helps absorb Calcium
      - Humans with lighter skin can more likely survive in climates farther from the equator
- - - - upright walking
        
        S Shaped spine
        
        Wide and flat pelvis
        
        slanting thigh bone
        
        Double arched foot
        
        Big toe in line with heel
      - Human Evolution
    - - The term is used to someone or something as outdated unintelligent or uncivilized
        
        Lived in Europe, Middle East and Asia from 150000 - 30000 yrs ago
        
        Bodies adapted to icy environment; shorter , heavier, stronger
        
        Larger Brains
        
        Different shaped skulls
        
        Humans and Neanderthals interbred and everyone except Africans have Neanderthal genes
        
        They made and used complex stone and bone tools and lived in caves
        
        Ancient Tools: the flakes are razor sharp and can be used to butcher an animal or whittle wood into sharp sticks.
        
        to accurately date a site and discover more about hominins who used them.
        
        The oldest stone tools are large cobbles or choppers, which are about 2.5 million yrs old.
    - - Fossils: reserved remains of biological matter
  - - - states multiple species existed at one time
      - one outlives the rest
      - this means having a date doesn't necessarily tell scientists which species they are looking at
      - Lee Roger Berger
        
        within two years of a discovery, made 3D imaging of fossils accessible to the public
        
        a future of openness when it comes to scientific findings and the public
        
        we have possibly mislead ourselves with the record of fragments to create wholes
    - - believes that findings need to be mulled over by experts to come to a conclusion on their importance before being released to the press
      - believes the new species are related to previously discovered species
- - - - subjects must be given the opportunity to provide feedback on manuscript
      - researchers must assure the confidentiality of any information shared with them