Burns covering arms and chest (patient is critically burned)
Hot oil exploded onto patient's bare skin
Not wearing protective clothing/gear while frying a turkey
2nd degree burn on both right and left brachial, ante brachium, carpus, palmar and phalangeal regions of the body
3rd degree burn on thoracic region
1st degree burn on frontal region of body.
Skin regulates body temp, protects internal structures, and permits sensation.
Dermis
Subcutaneous Layer
Epidermis (made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Basale
Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)
Stratum Corneum
Deepest layer, one row of active stem cells
Multiple layers of keratinocytes and desmosomes
1-5 layers of flat cells and deteriorating organelles, lamellar granules, and keratohyaline granules
Thin band of flattened keratinocytes
Most superficial layer, composed of dead cells
Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer
Made of loose areolar CT, contains papillae which give a unique fingerprint, and touch receptors
Made of dense irregular CT and contains oil glands, sweat glands, arteries, veins, and pressure receptors.
Made of loose adipose CT and contains fat cells, large blood vessels and nerves.
Nails (keratin) protect delicate structures of fingers and toes
Lunule
Hyponychium
Nail folds
Eponychium
Nail bed
Free edge
Nail plate
Nail matrix
Hair (keratin) protects body, regulates body temp, and senses touch.
Hair follicle
Hair papilla
Hair bulb
Hair matrix
Hair root
Arrector pili muscle
Hair shaft
Glands regulate body temp, excrete substances, and provide moisture.
Sebaceous glands
Sweat glands
Apocrine
Eccrine
located all over the body besides palms and soles
located all over the body
located in the axial and genital regions
attached to hair follicles
Secrete sebum, which lubricates hair and skin
Connected to pores
Secretes a fatty substance which provides nutrition to microorganisms
Connected to pores
Secretes a mixture of water, salt, and urea to regulate body temp
Visible part of nail
Skin beneath nail plate
Skin that supports and surrounds nail
Base of the nail, proximal to free edge
Skin under the free edge
Tissue that overlaps nail plate
Part of nail that extends past the flesh
Hidden part of nail underneath cuticle, responsible for nail growth
Responsible for growth
Connects hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis
Provides nutrients
Protects hair root
Epithelial cells at base of hair follicle
Beneath surface of skin
Visible part of hair
painful blisters, inflammation, scabs, increased risk for infection
Damaged nerve receptors = no pain, pallor, scarring, blood loss, infection, dehydration due to no skin available to retain water, shock, tetanus, hypothermia, hypovolemia
Redness, tenderness, pain, peeling
Classification of burns
2nd degree burn- Affects epidermis and dermis. redness, tenderness, possible blisters
3rd degree burn- Affects entire thickness of skin. no pain, skin can be white or charred
1st degree burn- Affects epidermis only. redness and tenderness in area. Ex. sunburn
Rule of Nines
The Rule of Nines is a strategy of assessing burns by breaking up the body into 11 sections, 10 of which are labeled as 9% and one area (perineum) is 1% totaling 100%.
Burns are classified as critical when 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns, 10% has 3rd degree burns, or the face/hands/feet have 3rd degree burns.