Burns covering arms and chest (patient is critically burned)

Hot oil exploded onto patient's bare skin

Not wearing protective clothing/gear while frying a turkey

2nd degree burn on both right and left brachial, ante brachium, carpus, palmar and phalangeal regions of the body

3rd degree burn on thoracic region

1st degree burn on frontal region of body.

Skin regulates body temp, protects internal structures, and permits sensation.

Dermis

Subcutaneous Layer

Epidermis (made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Basale

Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)

Stratum Corneum

Deepest layer, one row of active stem cells

Multiple layers of keratinocytes and desmosomes

1-5 layers of flat cells and deteriorating organelles, lamellar granules, and keratohyaline granules

Thin band of flattened keratinocytes

Most superficial layer, composed of dead cells

Papillary Layer

Reticular Layer

Made of loose areolar CT, contains papillae which give a unique fingerprint, and touch receptors

Made of dense irregular CT and contains oil glands, sweat glands, arteries, veins, and pressure receptors.

Made of loose adipose CT and contains fat cells, large blood vessels and nerves.

Nails (keratin) protect delicate structures of fingers and toes

Lunule

Hyponychium

Nail folds

Eponychium

Nail bed

Free edge

Nail plate

Nail matrix

Hair (keratin) protects body, regulates body temp, and senses touch.

Hair follicle

Hair papilla

Hair bulb

Hair matrix

Hair root

Arrector pili muscle

Hair shaft

Glands regulate body temp, excrete substances, and provide moisture.

Sebaceous glands

Sweat glands

Apocrine

Eccrine

located all over the body besides palms and soles

located all over the body

located in the axial and genital regions

attached to hair follicles

Secrete sebum, which lubricates hair and skin

Connected to pores

Secretes a fatty substance which provides nutrition to microorganisms

Connected to pores

Secretes a mixture of water, salt, and urea to regulate body temp

Visible part of nail

Skin beneath nail plate

Skin that supports and surrounds nail

Base of the nail, proximal to free edge

Skin under the free edge

Tissue that overlaps nail plate

Part of nail that extends past the flesh

Hidden part of nail underneath cuticle, responsible for nail growth

Responsible for growth

Connects hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis

Provides nutrients

Protects hair root

Epithelial cells at base of hair follicle

Beneath surface of skin

Visible part of hair

painful blisters, inflammation, scabs, increased risk for infection

Damaged nerve receptors = no pain, pallor, scarring, blood loss, infection, dehydration due to no skin available to retain water, shock, tetanus, hypothermia, hypovolemia

Redness, tenderness, pain, peeling

Classification of burns

2nd degree burn- Affects epidermis and dermis. redness, tenderness, possible blisters

3rd degree burn- Affects entire thickness of skin. no pain, skin can be white or charred

1st degree burn- Affects epidermis only. redness and tenderness in area. Ex. sunburn

Rule of Nines

The Rule of Nines is a strategy of assessing burns by breaking up the body into 11 sections, 10 of which are labeled as 9% and one area (perineum) is 1% totaling 100%.

Burns are classified as critical when 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns, 10% has 3rd degree burns, or the face/hands/feet have 3rd degree burns.