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Burns covering arms and chest (patient is critically burned) (Nails…
Burns covering arms and chest (patient is critically burned)
Hot oil exploded onto patient's bare skin
Not wearing protective clothing/gear while frying a turkey
2nd degree burn on both right and left brachial, ante brachium, carpus, palmar and phalangeal regions of the body
painful blisters, inflammation, scabs, increased risk for infection
3rd degree burn on thoracic region
Damaged nerve receptors = no pain, pallor, scarring, blood loss, infection, dehydration due to no skin available to retain water, shock, tetanus, hypothermia, hypovolemia
1st degree burn on frontal region of body.
Redness, tenderness, pain, peeling
Skin regulates body temp, protects internal structures, and permits sensation.
Dermis
Papillary Layer
Made of loose areolar CT, contains papillae which give a unique fingerprint, and touch receptors
Reticular Layer
Made of dense irregular CT and contains oil glands, sweat glands, arteries, veins, and pressure receptors.
Subcutaneous Layer
Made of loose adipose CT and contains fat cells, large blood vessels and nerves.
Epidermis (made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium)
Stratum Spinosum
Multiple layers of keratinocytes and desmosomes
Stratum Granulosum
1-5 layers of flat cells and deteriorating organelles, lamellar granules, and keratohyaline granules
Stratum Basale
Deepest layer, one row of active stem cells
Stratum Lucidum (thick skin only)
Thin band of flattened keratinocytes
Stratum Corneum
Most superficial layer, composed of dead cells
Nails (keratin) protect delicate structures of fingers and toes
Lunule
Base of the nail, proximal to free edge
Hyponychium
Skin under the free edge
Nail folds
Skin that supports and surrounds nail
Eponychium
Tissue that overlaps nail plate
Nail bed
Skin beneath nail plate
Free edge
Part of nail that extends past the flesh
Nail plate
Visible part of nail
Nail matrix
Hidden part of nail underneath cuticle, responsible for nail growth
Hair (keratin) protects body, regulates body temp, and senses touch.
Hair follicle
Protects hair root
Hair papilla
Provides nutrients
Hair bulb
Epithelial cells at base of hair follicle
Hair matrix
Responsible for growth
Hair root
Beneath surface of skin
Arrector pili muscle
Connects hair follicle to papillary layer of dermis
Hair shaft
Visible part of hair
Glands regulate body temp, excrete substances, and provide moisture.
Sebaceous glands
located all over the body besides palms and soles
attached to hair follicles
Secrete sebum, which lubricates hair and skin
Sweat glands
Apocrine
located in the axial and genital regions
Connected to pores
Secretes a fatty substance which provides nutrition to microorganisms
Eccrine
located all over the body
Connected to pores
Secretes a mixture of water, salt, and urea to regulate body temp
Classification of burns
2nd degree burn- Affects epidermis and dermis. redness, tenderness, possible blisters
3rd degree burn- Affects entire thickness of skin. no pain, skin can be white or charred
1st degree burn- Affects epidermis only. redness and tenderness in area. Ex. sunburn
Rule of Nines
The Rule of Nines is a strategy of assessing burns by breaking up the body into 11 sections, 10 of which are labeled as 9% and one area (perineum) is 1% totaling 100%.
Burns are classified as critical when 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns, 10% has 3rd degree burns, or the face/hands/feet have 3rd degree burns.