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Populations and Ecosystems (Plants in relationship to their habitats…
Populations and Ecosystems
Plants in relationship to their habitats
Abiotic components of the habitat
Climate
tolerance range
Soil Factors
pioneers
first plants that invade a new soil
A horizon
zone of leaching
B horizon
zone of depostion
C horizon
parent rock and rock formations
Latitude and Altitude
Disturbance
i.e. fires, landslides, snow, avalanches, and floods
Biotic components of the habitat
The plant itself
present in habitat changes it
Other plant species
mutualism
competition
niche
competitive exclusion
ecotypes
transplant experiments
common garden
organism other than plants
commensal relationships
predation
herbivory
pathogenic
Habitat
set of conditions which an organism completes its life cycle
Operational Habitat
aspects of the habitat that affect a plant
The Structure of Populations
Geographic distribution
Boundaries of the Geographic Range
limiting factor
Local Geographic Distribution
Random distribution
Clumped distribution
Uniform distributions
allelochemics
Age Distribution: Demography
Generation time
Intrinsic rate of natural increase/biotic potential
Carrying capacity
r- and K-selection
r-Selection
r-selected species
annuals or small shrubby perennials
K-selection
K-selected species
The Structure of Ecosystems
Physiognomic Structure
physiognomic structure
physical size and shape of organisms
life forms
trees, shrubs, and herbs
Temporal Structure
changes an ecosystem undergoes with time
Species Composition
refers to the # and diversity of species that coexist in ecosytem
Trophic Levels
feeding levels
Primary consumers
secondary consumers
Decomposers
energy flow
carbon flow
Concepts
population
#
other individuals of the same species
community
#
all populations together
ecosystem
#
includes physical, nonliving environment and community
