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First Three U.S. Presidents (George Washington (President's Cabinet…
First Three U.S. Presidents
George Washington
He was the "right person at the right time"
President's Cabinet
Sec. of State: Thomas Jefferson
Sec. of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
Sec of War: Henry Knox
Chief Justice: John Jay
Major issue:
Hamilton's Economic Plan
Compromise of 1790: Plan of Assumption will pass but only if the capital is moved to future Washing to D.C.
Bank of the U.S. - Strict vs loose interpretation of the Constitution
Major Issue:
French Revolution
George Washington picked neutrality
Major Domestic Issue:
Whiskey Rebellion
Pennsylvania farmers needed to distill whiskey to make some money, but Alexander Hamilton places an excise tax on whiskey
They rebel & burn down taxpayers home, but Washtington stops the bloodless rebellion
Farewell Address
Warned against political parties
Warned against entangling foreign alliances
Precedents
President's cabinet to counsel the president
No third term
Neutrality: isolationaism
John Adams
Internal division
Federalists vs Jeffersonian Republicans
His cabinet respected Hamilton, not Adams
Foreign Affair
French Revolution
Wanted to maintain neutrality
Sent John Marshall to negotiate with France which led to the XYZ Affair
XYZ Affair - France wants a bribe for diplomatic privilege, which led to Federalists responding with the Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien & Sedition Acts
Sedition Acts - If you criticize Federal govt, you can be imprisoned
Republicans angered b/c it goes against freedom of press
Alien Acts - Naturalization for citizenship increased from 7 to 15 years & immigrants can be deported
Alien Acts were enacted to to force French immigrants to wait longer to vote, and the French immigrants were likely to vote for the Republicans
Response of Republicans to Alien & Sedition Acts:
Kentucky & Virginia Resolutions
James Madison & Thomas Jefferson claimed that states had the right to nullify federal law if it infringed upon the rights of the citizens
Midnight Apppointments
In a desperate attempt to retain Federalist power, John Adams submitted the appoints for numerous Federalist justices, because justices in the Supreme Court serve for a lifetime
Thomas Jefferson
Election of 1800
Power transferred from Federalists to Democratic-Republicans
Jefferson wanted to promote public unity
Jefferson aimed to please the Federalists and Republicans by combining policies of both— maintained National Bank & debt repayment plan for Federalists; reduced military sizes & repealed excise taxes for Republicans
Louisiana Purchase
Purchased land between Miss. River & Rocky Mts. (Louisiana Territory) from Napoleon Bonaparte, who needed the money b/c of the Haitian Revolution
Miss. River helped the settlers w/ their economy
Doubled the size of the U.S.
Removed European presence from their borders
Expanded the domain of slavery & Republicanism
Greatest achievement of Jefferson Territory
Purchased for $15 mil
Lewis & Clark Expeditions
Jefferson funded Lewis and Clark (Discovery Corps) to explore newfound territory from the Missouri River to Oregon Territory
Provided extensive maps of foreign territory
Led to settlers venturing westward b/c of knowledge of friendly Indians & abundance of beaver pelts
Barbary Pirates
Dealt with pirates from North African Coast by engaging in Naval Wars
Eventually, ransom was reduced from $300,000 to $60,000
Reinforced the need for a strong navy
Embargo Act of 1807
Prohibited American merchants from sailing to foreign ports
Wanted to punish British/French for harrassing American neutral ships by depriving them of trade
Devastated the economy of the traders, led to smuggling, and was eventually repealed