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Culture and styles of Mng. (Model of Culture (8) :star: (5. Structure…
Culture and styles of Mng.
Culture is dynamic and evolves
Gullestrup
proposes a conceptualization of culture: has both
static
and
dynamic
elements. Has
three
dimensions:
Vertical dimension: VALUES/NORMS
1.
Core Nature
( Philosophy of life/ norms and values from the previous generation)
Manifested Culture
(what is seen)
:red_flag:
Dynamic dimension
Change-Initiating Factors:
Internal Factors:
development in research, technology, trade
External Factors:
change in nature :red_flag:
Horizontal dimension (8) cultural segments in a present
Technology
Economic Institutions
Social Institutions
Political Institutions
5.Religious Institutions
Language & Communication
Reproduction & Socialisation
Ideology :red_flag:
Management Tasks (5)
:star:
3. Staffing (H&R)
+ Hiring and allocating employee
4. Directing
+ Leading the organisation
2. Organizing
organising actions needed to achieve a goal
1. Planning
+ goals and objectives of the company
5. Controlling
+ Monitor performance of the company
Model of Culture (8) :star:
5. Structure
(Individualism/Collectivism)
6. Communication
(High Context/Low Context)
4. Power
(Hierarchy/Equality)
7. Action
(Doing/Being)
3. Space
(Public/Private)
2. Time Orientation
(Present/Past/Future)
1. Time Focus
(Monochronic/Polyhronic)
8. Competition
(Competitive/Cooperative)
Hofstede depicted culture as onion
Its outer layers represent visible manifestations of culture and at its core lies the culture's values.
Fang points out that:
Onions do not seem to have a core and one can simple keep peeling it into almost nothing
Culture is not set of values:
Earley:
culture is not set of values, culture is a meaning which we attach to aspects of the world around us.
McSweeney:
disputes any casual link between a culture's average tendencies and the individuals in it If values form a fundamental basis of culture, how can they be defined?
The Interaction between Values and Behaviour
1. Sonderberg & Holden:
culture should be considered in terms of the interactions between people. Culture is a matter of sharing '
patterns of meaning and interpretation
'.
2. Fang
Not only are behaviors shaped by beliefs and values, but they can proactively shape new beliefs and values, thereby germinating (прорастающий) the process of culture change.
Fang
maintains that at the heart of this interaction are not societies but
individuals
who are subject to all sorts of influences.