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CHAPTER 5: PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Part 2 (Developmental Disorders -…

- - - - Main symptom: Delusions + no other signs of psychosis
    - - Severe emotional disturbances + other signs of psychosis
    - - Long-standing pattern: Social & Interpersonal problems + Pattern of odd behaviors & beliefs (dont qualify as psychotic)
    - - More -ve symptoms: Poor social r/s + poverty of emotional expression
    - - Long-standing pattern: Impulsive & Unstable, yet intense, interpersonal r/s
        
        May be suicidal (difficult distinguish frm depression & bipolar)
        
        Self-destructive behavior - form of mutilation, substance abuse, reckless driving
    - - Disorganised
        
        Incoherent speech, Hallucinations, Delusions, Inappropriate emotional behavior
      - Catatonic
        
        Disorganised Speech, Behavior (echolalia, echopraxia), Flat/ Inappropriate Affect, Hallucinations & Delusions
      - Paranoid
        
        Delusions & Hallucinations (Grandeur/ Persecution), Intact cognition, affect, No disorganised speech
        
        Best prognosis
      - Undifferentiated
        
        Persons display combination of symptoms that don't clearly fit into one of other categories
      - Residual
        
        Individuals have past episode of schizo but free of symptoms now
- - - - Psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information (e.g. identity, residence)
        
        selective for specific personal events
        
        Cause: Stroke, Alcoholic blackout, blood sugar crisis; Psychologically traumatic/ Highly stressful experience
    - - Sensation of mind & body separated
        
        Out of body experiences - Feelings of being external observers of own bodies/ in dream
        
        Severe physical trauma (e.g. ife-threatening injury)
    - - Dissociative amnesia + Flight from home, family & job
        
        person disoriented & perplexed, travel to distant locations & take up new lives = appearing unconcerned abt unrmb past
        
        Occurs more often in those under prolonged high , esp war
    - - Display multiple identities
        
        appear in childhood among victims of SA
        
        Defense by dominant personality - protect from terrifying events/ memories
      - Psychodynamic theories: Fracturing of ego > ego defense mechanisms don't allow energy from conflicts & traumas to escape frm unconscious mind
        
        Cognitive theories: Mood-state dependency