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EVOLUTION (evidence of évolution (Homology (≠ Analogy (see questions), Ex …
EVOLUTION
evidence of évolution
Fossils
Ex : discovery of bones from many different dinosaur species
Ex : transitional forms that link whales with land-dwelling ancestors that are now extinct
Biogeography
Ex : similarity of endemic island species to nearby mainland species
Ex : unique collection of marsupial mammals in Australia
Direct observations
Ex : development of pesticides resistance insects
Ex : changes in average beak size in finches following dry or wet years
Homology
≠ Analogy (see questions)
Ex : similar forelimb anatomy in different species of mammals
anatomical and molecular
Ex : same genetic language of DNA
Key concepts of évolution
Unity of life:
A common system
Adaptation :
ability to survive in a
particular environment
Heritability :
the ability of a trait to be passed on to offspring
Natural selection :
favors individuals that reproduce more than others.
Artificial selection :
Selective breeding of organisms to produce domesticated ones with more desirable traits
Diversity of life:
variability among living organisms
Evolution = Adaptation + Selection + Heritability
History of Evolution
Gradualism
Hutton 1795
Uniformalism
Lyell 1830
Evolution
Descendance with modification
Darwin 1859
Catastrophism
Cuvier 1812
Transformism
Lamark 1809
Phylogenetic trees
Linne's nomenclature
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