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Acute Asthma Exacerbation (Diagnosis (Airway assessment, Family History,…
Acute Asthma Exacerbation
Epidemiology
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB)
occurs in 90% of children diagnosed with asthma
About 70% to 80% of acute wheezing episodes in children with asthma are associated with viral respiratory tract infection
Occurs in all ages- 6.8 million children and 18.7 million adults in the United States
Pathophysiology
Airway epithelial exposure to antigen initiates both an innate and adaptive immune response in sensitized individuals
There is an early asthmatic response and a late response
Cells involved in persistent inflammation and hyper-responsiveness of airways include the dendritic cells, T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Diagnosis
Airway assessment
Family History
Asthma Predictive Index
Blood eosinophilia
Sensitization to aeroallergens
Blood gas labs
Pulse oximetry
Treatment
Oxygen
Broncodilators
Corticosteriods
Clinical Presentation
Coughing
Wheezing
Dyspnea
Airway narrowing
Hyperinflation
Cyanosis
Nasal flaring