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structure of woody plants (vascular cambium (initiation of the vascular…
structure of woody plants
vascular cambium
one of the meristems that produce the secondary plant body
initiation of the vascular cambium
the cells located at this position never undergo cell cycle arrest, they continue to divide instead of maturing
fascicular cambium
bundle
interfascicular cambium
some cells come out of cell cycle arrest and resume mitosis
fusiform initials
long tapered cells
typical length initials are 140 to 462 micrometers for dicots and 700 to 8700 micrometers in conifers
anticlinical walls
when cells divide longitudinally
perpendicular to the cambiums surface
ray initials
short
more or less cuboidal
periclinical cell division
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Arrangement
storied cambium
many regular horizontal rows
non storied cambium
irregularly without a horizontal pattern
outer bark
cork and cork cambium
phelllogen
cork cell
also called phellem cell
maturing cork cells increase slightly in volume
periderm
layers of cork cells and phelloderm
offers only temporary protection
all tissues outside the innermost cork cambium
lenticels and oxygen diffusion
impermeability of cork keeps out pathogens and bad stuff, but also important things like oxygen
interfering with respiration
intercellualer spaces allow a diffusion pathway for oxygen
secondary xylem
types of wood cells
axial system
from fusiform initials
radial system
from ray initials
WOOD
growth rings
early wood
spring wood
first wood formed
high proportions of wide vessels
late wood
summer wood
lower portion of vessels
annual ring
easy to see early and late wood
growth ring
same as annual ring
heartwood and sapwood
dark wood
heartwood
drier
more fragrant
lighter wood
sapwood
moister
outer region
tylosis
plug in vessels
created by parenchyma cells adjacent to vessels push bubbles of protoplasm through the pits of the cells
reaction wood
help withstand stress
secondary growth in roots
roots of conifers and woody angiosperm undergo secondary growth
both ray and fusiform initials
perennial roots form bark
secondary pholem
responsible for girth in plants
formed from the vascular cambium
has an axial and radial system
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not usually rings
anomalous forms of growth
anomalous secondary growth
alternative types of structure and activity
sweet potatoes
unusual primary growth
palm trees
establishment growth
a form of primary growth
