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Chapter 19 (Viruses) and Chapter 27 (Bacteria) (Viruses Only (Types of…
Chapter 19 (Viruses) and
Chapter 27 (Bacteria)
Viruses Only
Antiviral
Types of viruses
Bacteriophage (or phage) - a virus that attacks/affects bacteria
Virulent Phage
Temperate Phage
Viroid - infectious nucleic acid. Virus without a capsid
Endovirus - Single stranded RNA viruses belonging to the family picornaviridae
Envelope - Accessory structue that helps viruses infect their hosts
Virus shapes
Icosahedron - a polyhedron with 20 faces
Helix
Lysogenic Cycle
Lytic cycle
Prophage
Prion
Provirus
Retrovirus
Transposon
Vaccine
Capsid - A protien shell enclosing a viral genome
Capsomere - A large number of protein subunits
Prokaryoke
Bacteria
Shapes of Bacteria
Coccus - Round or oval-shaped bacteria
Spirillum - Spiral shaped Bacteria
Staph - Cluster of Bacteria
Strep - Chain of Bacteria
Bacillus - Genus name of gram-positive bacteria
Bacterial reproduction
Genetic Recombination - exchange of genetic material between different species
Conjugation - Through direct contact, one bacteria transfers material to another
Oxygen in Bacterial Metabolism
Facultative anaerobe
Obligate Anaerobe
Cyanobacteria
Pathenogenic Bacteria
Exotoxin - Protiens secreated by certain bacteria and other organisms
Endotoxinn - Released when bacteria die
Parts of Bacterial Cell
Flagellum - a long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion
Peptidoglycan
Gram Positive
Gram Negative
Nucleoid
Pili
Plasmid
F & R Plasmids
Fimbriae - protein-containing appendages that enable some prokaryotes to adhere to surfaces or to other cells
Heterocyst
Bacterial immune response/ adaptations
Mutualism
Parasitism
Commensalism
Antibiotic
Restriction Enzyme
Reverse Transcriptase
Taxis - Type of movement
Transduction
Transformation
Fimbriae - protien containing appendages that enable sine prokaryotes to adhere to surfaces or to other cells
Bioremediation - The use of organisms to detoxify and restore polluted and degraded ecosystems
Prokaryote Nutritional and Metabolic Adaptations
Chemoautotroph - prokaryote that uses inorganic chemicals for energy
Photoautotroph - prokaryote that uses light energy to control the synthesis of organic compounds from CO2.
Photoheterotroph - prokaryote that uses light to create ATP, but has to keep Carbon in organic form.
Chemoheterotroph - Prokaryote that uses inorganic chemicals for energy
Capsule - Sticky layer of polysaccharide or protein surrounding cell wall
Biofilm - Surface-coating colonies of different prokaryotic species
Binary Fission - Prokaryote cell division, a means of quick cell division
Archaea - Prokaryote Domain
Methanogen
Extremophiles
Extreme halophiles - "heat-loving"
Extreme Halophiles - "salt-loving"
Nitrogen Fixation
Both
CRISPR-Cas System - Bacteria defense system aginst foreign genetic elements
Epidemic - A widespread outbreak of a pathogen
Host - The larger organism in a symboitic relationship
Host Range - the limited number of host cells a virus or bacteria can infect
Pandemic
Pathogen - Anything that causes disease
Symbiont - Opposite of a host
Symbiosis - General term for any partnership between species
Vector