Viruses vs. Bacteria
Found in Bacteria
Found in Viruses
Classification - Single Stranded: SS DNA, Double Stranded: DD DNA, SS RNA, DS RNA
Pathogenesis - only dangerous to cells they can infect and are not currable.
Reproduction - Inject nucleic acid into a host cell, then host cell makes more viruses.
Structures - Capsid (Protein), Nucleic Acid (DNA, RNA), Envelope (Sugars), & No organelles
Treatments - Cannot treat w/ Antibiotics; may treat w/ vaccine(antiviral) but only before exposed to the virus.
Shapes - Helix-shaped, polyhedron (usually 12 sided), & Bacteriophag (Attacks Bacteria)
Environmental Impact - Epidemics (widespread), Pandemic (World widespread), Bio-weapons (Crosses from animals to humans), Increased vectors (infect agriculture)
Char. of life - Only has 2 of 7, therefor, not alive.
Pathogenesis - Parasidic (Usually), Toxic Producers (Life threatening i.e. Botox, Transmitted by vectors.
Treatments - Antibiotics, expose vectors (get rid of pro-biotics: Only for ppl that have bad metobolic systems w/ depleting antiboties)
Classification - How they get energy (Use oxygen) & What they use as fuel.
Environmental Impact - Important decomposers, important to produce oxygen & nitrogen
Concerns - Resistant to certain strains of antibiotics
Important for bio - remediation (Using bio to eat pollution)
Reproduction - Bionary Fission (Simpilest version of mitosis)
Structures - Cell Membrane, Nucleoid, Ribosomes, Flagella, Pilli, Cell Wall, Capsule, Plasmids. *No Membraneous Organelles
click to edit
Prion - Infects representation similar to protein that increase by converting proteins to more prions.
Retrovirus - injects RNA into a host cell, then turns it into DNA. (Reverse
Prophage - a prophage genome inserted into a bac. chromosome because it affects the bacteria.
Lytic Cycle - replicates & accumulates in death of the host cell.
Lysogenic Cycle - Allows replication of phage genome w/o killing host
Host Range - large participant in symbiotic relationship. Usually provides home and food source for symbiont.
Envelope - Accessory that helps viruses infect their hosts (Contains: host cell phospholipids, membrane proteins, viral glycoproteins), some proteins w/ carbs covalently bonded
Enterovirus - single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases.
Capsomere - outer covering of a protein that covers a virus.
Shapes - Spirillum, Coccus & Bacillus (Can be colonial. Ex: Stap, Strep)
Char. of Live - Has all 7; therefore, alive
Bacteria Defs. Cont.
Bacteria Defs.
Bacillus - rod shaped bacteria that causes disease.
Binary Fission - division of single entity into 2 parts (division of half a sexual reproduction. Ex(Eukaryotes - amoeba & paramocecium)
Archaea - Single cell micro-org. that are prokaryotes & have no nucleus
Biofilm - 1 or more types of org. that grow on multiple surfaces. Ex: Dental Plaque
Antibiotic - antimicrombial (medicine) active against bacteria used in the treatment of infections
Bioremediation - process used to treat contaminated substances. Ex: Water treatment plants
Obligate anaerobe - Org that only does fermentation that does not use Oxygen and can be poisoned by it.
Icosahedron - a solid figure with twenty plane faces, especially equilateral triangular ones.
Nucleoid - contains DNA, but doesn't have a nucleus
Photoautotroph - polymer in the cell wall of bacteria that has modified surars that are cross-linked by short polypeptides
Nitrogen Fixation - conversion of nitrospheric nitrogen to ammonia
Photoheterotroph - org. that uses light to create ATP but has to keep carbon in it's organic form
Chemoheterotroph - Org that requires organic molecules for both energy and carbon.
Conjugation - transfer of DNA between 2 cells w/ a temp. join.
Chemoautotroph - org. that obtains energy by oxidating inorganic stubstances only needs CO2 as it's carbon source.
CRISPR-Cas9 - editing genes in living cells going from bacterial proteins to RNA to like complementary genes.
Capsule - Polysaccharide or protein that surrounds the cell wall and is stick. Hides the virus from the antibodies
Cyanobacteria - division of micro-orgs. related to bacteriabut capable to photosynthesis. Prokaryotes (earliest known form)
Coccus - Di(pair), Staph(3-cluster) & Strep (String of beads)
Heterocyst - Cell that engages in nitrogen fixation in some filamentous cyanobacteria.
Restriction Enzyme - Enzyme that cuts DNA in specific places
Halophile - micro-org that grows in saliva
Reverse transcriptase - Enzyme that allows RNA to turn into DNA (Reverse)
Gram Positive - Less complexed has more peptidoglycan and usually less toxic
Gram Negative - Less complex than cell wall of gram-positive. Usually more toxic
Genetic Recombination - offspring w/ combination of traits from what was found in parent
Endotoxin - lipopolysaccharide (Carb bonded to lipid) components of outer membrane of gram - Negative bacteria.
Symbiosis
Mutualism - (Stomach/Gut) eco that benefits both
Parasitism - Eco interaction where one benefits by feeding on another and host is harmed.
Commensalism - (Skin) eco interaction where one org. benefits but the other isn't helped, nor hurt.
Predation - eco interaction where one (predetor) kills the other.
Epidemic - widespread
Exoixin - toxic protein secreted by prokaryote/pathogen that produces specific symptoms.
F-plasmids: F+ cells that are DNA Donors, F- designations are Recipients. Can form Pili
R-plasmids: resistance/hinder to antibiotics & donate DNA
Facultative anaerobe - Org. that makes ATP by aerobic respiration of O respiration/fermentation when O is not present.
Fimbriae - short haired appendage of porkaryotic cell that helps stick to other cells
Flagellum - cell appendage used for movement.
Taxis - Movement from one stimulant to another
Transformation - one bacteria eats another and uses it's DNA
Enterovirus - single-stranded RNA viruses associated with several human and mammalian diseases.