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Structure of Woody Plants (Vascular Cambium (ray initials (divides (1…
Structure of Woody Plants
Vascular Cambium
Meritstem
produces secondary plant body
must be extended each year
Fascicular cambium
interfascicular cambium
mature parenchyma cells
vascular bundles
resume mitosis
fusiform initials
long, tapered cells
periclinal wall
2 elongated cells
1 fusiform initial and 1 secondary phloem/xyelm
orientation is constant
divide longitudinally
anticlinal walls
increases # of cambial cells
thin primary walls
ray initials
short, cuboidal
periclinal cell divison
#
divides
1 xylem or 1 phloem
1 ray initial
produce storage parenchyma
gymnosperms
produce albuminous cells
cambial cells
ray
#
short vertical rows
1 cell wide
2 cell wide
3 cells wide
fusiform
#
horizontal rows
storied cambium
irregular rows
nonstoried cambium
first wood
early wood
spring wood
high proportion of wide vessels
wide tracheids
cuticle not thick
vessels restricted
ring porous
late wood
summer wood
lower proportion of vessels
thick cuticle
1 year=annual ring
growth ring
diffuse porous
vessels throughout
secondary growth occurs
Secondary Xylem
#
"Wood"
all cells interior of VC
#
dark wood
center
dry and fragrant
"heartwood"
light wood
moist
outer region
"sapwood"
#
new layer formed each year
Reaction Wood
produced in response to stress
tension wood
contract
top side
compression wood
underside
contains
fibers
vessel elements
schlerids
tracheids
do not function forever in h2o conduction
parenchyma
axial system
fusiform initials
#
tracheary elements
longitudinal conduction of h2o
elongate
"hardwoods"
contain large amounts of fibers
strength and flexibility
basal angiosperms
eudicots
"softwoods"
few to no fibers
conifers
could be harder than "hardwood" in some cases
radial system
ray initials
#
simple
parenchyma
rays
store carbs
upright cells
procumbent cells
multiseriate
only if has a resin canal
mainly uniseriate
ray tracheids
horizontal and rectangular
Secondary Phloem
formed from VC
#
axial system
conduction up & down root
contains
sieve tube members
companion cells
fibers
nonconducting parenchyma
radial system
only innermost layer capable of conduction
phloem rays
size and shape match xylem rays
Outer Bark
cork cambium
#
"phellogen"
cells are cuboidal
outer cell differentiates into
cork cell
"phellem cell"
phelloderm
layer of parenchyma
All together make "Periderm"
offers temporary protection
all tissues outside innermost
is outer bark
ALL 2phloem between VC and innermost CC
inner bark
aerenchymatous cork
lenticels
diffusion pathway for O2
more layers of cells
protrude outward
Anomalous Forms of Growth
alt cambia produces secondary bodies
storage parenchyma increased
secondary tissues
irregular matrix of parenchyma
eudicots
secondary phloem
"included phloem"
monocots
parenchyma cells
secondary vascular bundles
xylem
phloem
thick walls
increase in width and (+) of adv. roots
establishment growth
