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Broken right olecranal (elbow), right brachial appendage broken and…

- - - - Fracture #1
        
        Compound fracture of the right humerus bone with bone fragments present in wound area.
        
        Risk of infection due to it being an open fracture, meaning the bone penetrated the skin, a protective barrier against microbes.
        
        Bone fragments are a sign of a weak bone structure due to low amounts of raw materials needed for bone growth and repair.
      - Fracture #2
        
        Right olecranal (elbow) fracture or dislocated
        
        Right elbow: children have open-growth plates (epiphyseal plate) at each end of their long bones and injuries to these growth plates are common and, in rare cases, can result in limb-length discrepancies or angular deformities.
    - - Due to demineralization (loss of calcium and other minerals) needed for bone growth and repair and the type of fracture he has his healing process may be longer than that of an average healthy child.
- - - - 2) Two main parts to the long bone: diaphysis and epiphysis. -The hallow region in the diaphysis is the medullary cavity where yellow bone marrow is found.
        -The walls of the diaphysys are compact bone. -The proximal and distal epiphysis meet with the diaphysis at the metaphysis. -Epiphyses is filled with spongy bone where where red bone marrow fills in the spaces.
        
        3) Medullar cavity: has a membranous lining called the endosteum where bone growth, repair, and remodeling occurs.
        
        4) Periosteum: is a fibrous membrane that covers the outer surface of the bone except where the epiphyses meet other bones to form joints. It contains blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels that nourish compact bone. Tendons and ligaments attach to bone at the periosteum.
        
        5) Articular cartilage: is a thin layer of cartilage that reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber. It covers the epiphyses where they meet other bones to form joints.
        
        6) A tendon is a fibrous C.T. that binds muscle to bone. It serves to move the bone or other structures such as the eyeballs. A ligament is also a fibrous C.T. that binds bone to bone (example ligament connecting the phalanges of the hands). It serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
  - - - 2) A fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus forms
        
        3) A hard (bony) callus forms
        
        4) The bone is remodeled
- - - - Endochondral Ossification: produces most bones of the skeleton, including upper and lower limbs, the pelvis, the vertebrae, and the ends of the clavicle.
        
        1)The fetal hyaline cartilage model develops. 2) Cartilage calcifies, and a periosteal bone collar forms. 3) The primary ossification center forms in the diaphysis. 4) Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses. 5) Bone replaces almost all cartilage, except the articular cartilage and epiphyseal cartilage. 6) Lengthwise growth continues until the epiphyseal plates ossify and form epiphyseal lines. Note: bone growth is completed when each epiphyseal plate has ossified and the epiphyseal line has formaed; depending on bone most become epiphyseal lines between the ages of 10 to 25.
      - Intramembranous Ossification: produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle (collarbone).
      - Long bone growth in length is called interstitial growth and its within the epiphyseal plate, and its growth in diameter or thickness is termed appositional growth at the periosteum.
      - Bone Remodeling: is a constant lifetime process of continual addition of new bone tissue (bone deposition) and removal of old bone tissue (bone resorption). Note: bone remodeling occurs at different rates depending on type of bone.