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Viruses and Bacteria (Bacteria (Antibiotic: Drug used to target bacterial…
Viruses and Bacteria
Bacteria
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Biofilm: Surface-coating colony of one or more species of prokaryotes that engage in metabolic cooperation
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Photoautotroph: Organism which uses light energy to make ATP from organic compounds from carbon dioxide
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Restriction Enzyme: Cellular enzyme that cuts off foreign DNA, preventing virus from replicating in a bacteria
Transformation: Change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA by a cell. One bacteria eats another and keeps its DNA
Bacteria
Gram Negative: Has walls that are simple (thick layer of peptidoglycan) (Pink when stained with safranin)
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Facultative Anaerobe: An organism that can live without oxygen present (cellular respiration or fermentation)
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F and R Plasmids: Plasmids in cells (F+, F- for reproduction, R for resistance)
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Obligate Anaerobe: Organism that carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration. Oxygen will poison and kill it
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Symbiosis: When two different species work together and are close; can be a positive or negative relationship
Taxis: Specific movement made by bacteria in response to stimuli; moves away or to stimuli; moves to environment best for them
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Viruses
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Temperate Phage: Phanges capable of using both lytic and lysogenic using both means for replicating within a bacterium
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Lytic Cycle: Virus enters a host cell and takes over the host cell to start synthesizing a new virus and destroying the cell by lysis or budding
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Viruses
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Envelope: Outer layer of some viruses, derived from plasma membrane of host
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Capsid: Protein shell that encloses the viral genome; icosahedron (12 sides), helical
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