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From the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period (Changes (Economic Changes…
From the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period
Changes
Economic Changes
Craftwork and trade experienced a period of important growth, but crop and livestoc farming were the main economic activities.
Cultural Changes
Renaissance art and Humanism appear, also the movable-type printing press was made.
Religious Changes
Jews and Muslims were persecuted, there were also wars between Christians because of new sets of beliefs that went against the authority of the pope.
Social Changes
As cities grew, the wealthy middle class became more important, however they never outnumbered the peasants or gained as much power as the nobility or clergy.
Political Changes
Monarchies gained a lot of power, although privileges and intitutions did not disappear.
Continuity
Feudal economics and society
The Three states
The clergy
Had an spiritual function in society, they collected tithe payments and had they own justice system, they could also be feudal lords.
(only the high clergy)
Third Estate
Mostly they were peasants although there was also craftsmen, artisans, merchants... They paied taxes which sustained the rest of the estates and they were judged by their Lord or King.
Noblemen
Did not work, could only be judged by the king or by othe noblemen.
Kings and Kingdoms
Armed conflicts between Noblemen, The King and cities
Social and political insability
Appearance of institutions such as the courts and parlaments of the estates of the realm.
Collective privileges of cities
This privilileges were exercised through the city council, such as charging taxes, having monopolies or administering justice.
Factors leading to geographical discoveries
Economic factors
Gold and silver were needed to make coins and also there was a big dependent on spices and silk imported from Asia, so when the traditional trade route was blocked alternative routes had to be foud.
Demographic factors
The population crisis of the Late Middle Age recovered and because of the large population more precious metals and and products from Asia were needed.
Political and Religious factors
There was significant between Islamic and Christian states.
Sociological factorfs
These factors were associated with the Renaissance and the desire to learn and explore.
Scientific and technical factors
There were scientific and technological advances in navigation. Futhermore, geographers believed that the world was round, not flat.