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EYSENCK 3 DIMENSION Nur Alia Wahida bt Mohd Sabri (6062181003) (:one:…
EYSENCK 3 DIMENSION
Nur Alia Wahida bt Mohd Sabri
(6062181003)
:two: Neuroticism-Emotional stability
People with a high neuroticism score tend to experience higher levels of stress and anxiety.
They worry about not important issues, exaggerate their meaning, and feel unable to cope with stressors.
A focus on the negative aspects of a situation rather than the positive aspects can make a person adopt an unstable negative perspective.
They may feel envious or jealous of others who, according to them, are in a better position.
Eysenck characterizes neuroticism by perfectionism and dissatisfaction.
On the other hand, a person with a low neuroticism score will generally experience greater emotional stability.
We speak of people who, for the most part, feel more capable of coping with stressful events and setting goals that are suited to their abilities.
People with a low neuroticism score tend to be more tolerant of others’ failures and remain calmer in demanding situations.
:one: Extraversion-Introversion
People with high levels of extraversion participate more in social activities.
Be more communicative and feel more comfortable in a group
Enjoy being the focus of attention and often accumulate a larger social network of friends and associates.
Introverts tend to be quieter
Shy away from large social gatherings
May feel uncomfortable interacting with strangers
Eysenck believed that extraversion was related to
levels of brain activity
or cortical excitation.
Extraverts experience lower levels of cortical excitation, which makes them seek excitation from external stimuli.
The higher activation levels in introverts make them avoid stimuli that can lead to a great excitation.
On the other hand
,
Yerkes-Dodson
law, levels of excitement can affect an individual’s performance capabilities.
The theory states that excitement and performance follow a bell-shaped curve, and the second decreases during periods of high or low arousal
Hans Eysenck
Born in Germany in 1916
Dead in 1997
He was one of the most controversial and prolific psychologists of the 20th century
He was the most cited researcher in psychology in 1997
Publishing about 80 books and writing hundreds of articles
Hans Eysenck developed a very influential personality theory
It’s so influential because it relate to everyday discourse
Based on biological factors, individuals inherit a type of nervous system that affects their ability to learn and adapt to the environment.
Hans Eysenck’s PEN model of personality
(P) psychoticism
(E) extraversion
(N) neuroticism.
Biological factors (cortical arousal and hormonal levels, environmental factors such as learned behavior) influence a person’s score on these personality dimensions
:three:Psychoticism-Normality
Psychoticism was a late addition to Hans Eysenck’s personality theory.
It was included in 1976.
This third personality dimension ranges from normality (low psychoticism) to high psychoticism.
People with higher psychoticism are more likely to participate in irresponsible or poorly calculated behavior
However, psychoticism also has more positive associations.
In a 1993 study, Eysenck compared the participation scores of the Barron-Welsh Art Scale and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and found that people with high psychoticism scores
tended to have more advanced creative skills.
Eysenck suggested that psychoticism was influenced by biological factors and correlated with levels of hormones such as testosterone.
According to the PEN model, high levels of psychoticism reduce a person’s ability to respond to conditioning,
which means that it would be harder to adapt to the social norms that we usually learn through reward and punishment.
Criticisms of Eysenck’s theory
Use twin studies to see if personality is genetic
The findings are contradictory and inconclusive
Shields (1976) found that monozygotic (identical) twins were significantly more similar in the introverted-extroverted and psychotic dimensions than dizygotic (nonidentical) twins.
Loehlin, Willerman, and Horn (1988) found that only 50% of the variations in personality dimensions scores are due to inherited traits. This suggests that social factors are also important.
One virtue of Eysenck’s theory is that it considers both nature and education as influencing factors
He argues that biological predispositions towards certain personality traits, combined with conditioning and socialization during childhood, condition our personality.