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Tema 1: GeH (Economic activity (1.2. Components of economic activity…
Tema 1: GeH
1.1 Economic activity
Combination of tasks undertaken by people in order to obtain to obtain the goods required to meet their needs. Goods can be
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- Current economic trends (I). Ideologies and problems
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- Economic agents and their relationships
They are the subjects responsible for undertaking economic activity. They form relationships with one another and thereby form an economic circuit , in which they exchange labour, goods and services for payment
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- Production factors (I). Resources, capital and technology
To undertake their activities, businesses use four basic resources known as production factors
3.1. Natural resources
Elements provided by nature that have an economic use. The exploitation of these resources gives rise to the basic economic activities: agriculture, forestry, livestock farming, fishing, mining and both energy and industrial production
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- Production factors (II). Labour
Physical or intellectual effort made by people in order to produce material goods and services. It enables businesses to carry out their activity and is essential for families, who receive a salary in return for their labour to acquire goods
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4.2. The labour market
It's formed by the supply of work from businesses, and the demand for work from individuals. There's a low number of qualified or well-trained individuals. Therefore, their salaries tend to be higher and their employment more stable than less qualified workers, who are more numerous. Economic crisis is leading to the increase of temporary contracts, as well as reduction of salaries
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Different ways of organising and undertaking economic activity (which goods are to be produced and how many, how should they be produced and who are they to be produced for)
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5.3. Mixed system
It combines a market economy with a greater or lesser State economic intervention (welfare state). Market prices result in products only being for those that can afford them, but State intervention guarantees that the basic needs of all citizens are provided for
Other basic principles
Private property, although there are also public enterprises
The search for the maximum individual profit, as well as adopting measures to redistribute wealth
- Current economic trends (II). Economic globalisation
It consists of the growing integration of national economies into a global market economy, in which almost all areas on Earth are interconnected
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ESPAÑOL
- La actividad económica. Componentes y sectores.
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- Factores de producción (I). Recursos, capital y tecnología
3.1. Recursos naturales
Elementos proporcionados por la naturaleza que tienen una utilidad económica. Su aprovechamiento origina de actividades económicas básicas
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- Tendencias económicas actuales (I). Ideologías y problemas
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Sujetos encargados de llevar a cabo la act. económica. Forman un circuito económico, en el que intercambian bienes, trabajo y servicios a cambio de pagos
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- Factores de producción (II). El trabajo
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Son distintas formas de organizar o llevar a cabo la actividad económica (qué bienes producir y en qué cantidad, cómo producirlos y para quién producirlos)
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5.3. El sistema mixtos
Combina la economía de mercado con una intervención mayor o menor del Estado en la economía (Estado del bienestar). Los precios del mercado hacen que los productos sean para quienes pueden pagarlos, pero el Estado garantiza que todos los ciudadanos tengan cubiertas sus necesidades elementales
Otros principios básicos
Propiedad privada, aunque existen empresas públicas
La búsqueda del máximo beneficio individual, aunque adoptando medidas para redistribuir la riqueza
- Tendencias económicas actuales (II). La globalización económica
Consiste en la creciente integración de las economías nacionales en una economía de mercado mundial en la que casi todas las áreas de la tierra están interconectadas
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