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A&P Material for Test 3 (CHAPTER 6 (Review Questions (identify the…

- - - - bones
      - ligaments
      - cartilage
    - - protection
        
        Only certain bones
        
        ex: skull protects brain
        
        ex: ribs protect lungs
        
        however: humerus doesn't protect anything
      - store minerals
      - provides something for muscles to move
        
        muscles attach to skeleton to provide this
    - - mesenchyme (stem cell) in the middle of the bones helping to make blood
        
        helping to make blood
        
        its a stem cell that can turn into any connective tissue
    - - bone is an organ containing multiple tissues including bone
        
        bone can be used to describe the tissue within bones or organ that contains that tissue + other tissues
        
        Bones as organs contain more than just bone tissue!!!
        
        ex: blood
    - - lucunae
        
        caniliculi connects lucunae
        
        why?
        
        for the interstitial fluid & nutrients & O2 from the blood
    - - 2 main ingredients
        
        osteoid
        
        organic part of bone
        
        whats the organic part made of?
        
        protein
        
        collagen
        
        Inorganic part
        
        minerals
    - - femur
        
        long bone
      - occipital
        
        flat bone b/c thin
      - patella
        
        sesmoid b/c grows in the tendon
        
        def of tendon: cord of fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
      - carples
        
        short bone
      - spenoid
        
        irregular
  - - - lots of this makes up bone + another ingredient
      - cartilage
        
        3 types
        
        skeleton cartilage
        
        primarily made of
        
        collagen fibers
        
        water
        
        no
        
        no blood
        
        1 more item...
        
        no nerves
        
        1 more item...
        
        no blood vessels
        
        1 more item...
        
        hyaline cartilage
        
        the most common & what you have more of than any other cartilage
        
        looks like plastic
        
        elastic cartilage
        
        has more elastic fibers
        
        stretchier
        
        found: ear
        
        fibrocartilage
        
        resistant to compression
        
        Found: between vertebra or between knees
        
        cartilage tissue is different from cartilage as an organ
        
        dense connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage tissue ->perichondrium
        
        to make a cartilage organ
        
        connective tissue
        
        outer tough
        
        making a wrap that keeps the connective tissue from squishing
        
        holds it together to make it stronger
        
        inner soft
        
        other components
        
        condroblast
        
        making cartilage tissue
        
        when a cell stops making cartilage
        
        condrocyte
        
        2 ways they grow
        
        appositional growth
        
        means: on the outside in layers
        
        a process of adding layers to the outside of something
        
        ex: adding layers to pain makes it bigger & the same thing occurs here
        
        1 more item...
        
        interstitial
        
        means: in the tissue
        
        occurs when the cells in the lucunae go through mitosis to make more cells
        
        since the cells have no vessels, no blood
        
        1 more item...
        
        can only occur when there is blood available
        
        can turn into bone
        
        by being calcified
        
        but there is a difference between hardened calcified cartilage & bone
        
        function of bone
        
        used for
        
        support
        
        protection
        
        movement
        
        can only work as a pulling point for movement
        
        mineral & growth factor storage
        
        blood cell formation
        
        triglyceride storage
        
        fat can be stored in bones as yellow marrow
        
        hormone production
        
        skeleton
        
        organized into 2 main parts
        
        axial skeleton
        
        on the axis
        
        appendicular skeleton
        
        dealing w/the appendages
        
        1 more item...
        
        bone structure
        
        not just bone tissue but lots of tissue
        
        nervous tissue
        
        cartilage
        
        fibrous connective tissue
        
        sometimes muscle fibers
        
        epithelial in blood vessels going through bone
        
        smooth muscle around blood vessels are found in bone
        
        2 ways bone is organized
        
        compact
        
        everything is tight & squished together
        
        spongy
        
        more like a sponge in that its porous
        
        in the spongy spaces are
        
        3 more items...
        
        trabeculae
        
        the little structure of bone that makes the network that looks like a sponge
        
        spongy bone in flat bones
        
        diploe
        
        2 more items...
        
        flat bones of
        
        4 more items...
        
        the blood is typically made in the spongy bone in flat bones, diploe, or the red marrow in long bones
        
        on the outside of bones
        
        covered w/connective tissue
        
        tissue on outside of cartilage
        
        1 more item...
        
        periosteum
        
        both dense connective tissue surrounding the structure
        
        long bone
        
        diaphysis
        
        compact bone is here
        
        the diaphysis is also hollow
        
        1 more item...
        
        epiphyses
        
        spongy bone is here
        
        not called long because it is long, has to have bulging ends called epiphyses
        
        ex: a rib is not a long bone, its a flat bone