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Lecture 10: Freshwater Systems and Water Resources (Water management…
Lecture 10: Freshwater Systems and Water Resources
Water facts
Essential for life on earth
Water Usage
High demand
Global Water amount: 97.5% salt. See slide 3 graph for breakdown of water composition on earth
Properties of water
Hydrologic Cycle
Reservoirs
Gained by inflow, lost by outflow.
Residence Time
Freshwater reservoirs
Surface water
Groundwater
Surface Reservoir
Streams and lakes
Water recharged by precipitation, runoff and groundwater
Surface drainage
Watershed
Groundwater
Recharged by infiltration
Groundwater movement
Aquifers
Unconfined
Confined
Water resource problems
Too Much water
Influence of Urbanisation
see illustration on slide 14
e.g Mississippi River
Runoff storage
River Damming
Has unintended impacts
Flooding
Flood severity
Flood Probability
Living on flood plains
(floodway)
Too Little water
Drought
Use vs Supply
Overuse
Overexploitation
e.g. Ogallala Aquifer will take several 1000s of years to recover
Saltwater Intrusion
Sinkholes (similar concept to caldera)
Water problems in US
E.g. Aral Sea
Global water problems
Climate change
Drinking water supply
Population growth
Transnational sharing
History Of water conflicts
not in exam
Problem spots?
Water Management
Poor quality Water
Water management
Dams, dikes and levees
Water diversion
Draining of wetlands
Desalinization/desalination
Water conservation
Reducing industrial use
Reducing Municipal Use
Conservation at home