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20th century (origin and decade (symbolism (France
1880’s), FEMINISM…
20th century
origin and decade
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surrealism
Paris
Early 1920’s Flourished in
Europe between World
Wars I and II In 1941,
Surrealism was declared dead
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theatrical trends
symbolism
Attempts to dramatise
impressions and feelings – a subjective
reality Play becomes
metaphor Symbols used to evoke
feelings Dialogue and action
not primary importance
Inner meaning, beauty and poetry
FEMINISM
Feminist theory and
practice examines the impact of gender, race,
and class on women's experience and the new
staging possibilities thereof
expressionism
Expressionism is an
attempt to discover a technique and method
which will express what the dramatist
imagines the inner reality of his drama to
be The dramatist
attempts to show not objective but rather
the subjective emotions and
responses that objects and events awaken in
them Large and elaborate
sets Drama of social protest
surrealism
Non-conformism
Experimental theatre with psychological, moral
and ideological problem Disappearance of theatre
of customs and the attempt of using scenographic resources to return its condition of
spectacle to theatre
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worldview
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EXPRESSIONISM
Dissatisfaction with Authority.
There is no such thing as absolute truth
Expressionism conveyed a feeling of chaos through the usage of darkly violent images
that reflected the state of mind of both the artist and society in general.
SURREALISM
Studied the works of Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung Freud's work with free association, dream analysis, and the unconscious was of utmost importance to the Surrealists in developing methods to liberate imagination.
key features
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expressionism
Distort reality
for an emotiona effect
Expressive of intense emotion
Dramatise the spiritual
awakening and sufferings of
their protagonists, as
well as dramatising
against bourgeois
(middle class) values and
established authority
surrealism
Unexpected
juxtapositions and non sequiturs
It is influenced by Freud's
psychoanalysis. It makes the
unconcious surge.It presents a
fragmented and false reality.
It detests all the concious.
The main topic: dreams.
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dadaism
Believing that
excessive rational thought
and bourgeois values had
brought the conflict of the
war upon the world. The
Dadaists protested with
anti-art gatherings,
performances, writings and art
works. After the war, when they
returned to Paris, the Dada
activities continued.
purpose
symbolism
To represent
the true meaning of life,
which is spiritual, not
materialistic
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FEMINISM
Feminism is a
collection of movements
aimed at defining, establishing, and
defending equal political economic, and
social rights and equal
opportunities for women.
expressionism
Subjective
Reality Episodic
structure Directing style =
pictorial Dialogue =
exaggerated, highly
emotional Free use of
language
EXISTENTIALISM
Search for images
of non-reason, lost faith in
reason, man is lost
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practitioners
expressionism
Georg Kaiser and Ernst
Toller Eugene O'Neill
They looked back to Swedish playwright,
August Strindberg and German actor and
dramatist, Frank Wedekind as ancestors
of their dramaturgical experiments
Eugene O'Neill, Elmer Rice, Tennessee
Williams, and Arthur Miller
Thornton Wilder
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surrealism
André Breton
The word surrealist was first used by Guillaume
Apollinaire to describe his 1917 play Les Mamelles
de Tirésias (The Breasts of Tiresias)
Antonin Artaud [Theatre of Cruelty]
EXISTENTIALISM
Jean Paul Sartre Man’s fundamental
bewilderment and confusion, stems from
the fact that man has no answers to the basic
existential questions: why we are alive, why we
have to die, why there is injustice and suffering, all
this serve as the impetus for such thinking. Man
constantly wonders about the truth of life and
realises that the more you expect from it, the
more it fails you or may be the more we expect
from ourselves the more we find ourselves
engaging in a futile battle with the odds.
dadaism
Tristan Tzara
He believed that a society that creates the
monstrosity of war does not deserve art,
so he decided to give it anti-art–not beauty
but ugliness.
symbolism
Designers – Adolphe Appia & Gordon Craig
[visual beauty on
stage, lighting for
mood, atmospheric approach, imaginative
design] Playwrights – Maurice
Maeterlinck & Alfred Jarry