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genetics (monohybrid cross (complete dominance (type of strength in…
genetics
monohybrid cross
complete dominance
type of strength in heterozygous condition wherein the allele that is viewed as prevailing totally veils the impact of the allele that is latent
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Mendel's pea plant are an example of complete dominance, or when the dominant allele completely covers up the recessive allele
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incomplete dominance
A kind of dominance occurring in heterozygotes in which the dominant gene or allele is only partially expressed, and usually resulting in an offspring with an intermediate phenotype
there is a blending of the two alleles that results in a third phenotype that doesn't look like either of the parents
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alleles for a trait are dominant #
test crosses
a genetic cross between a homozygous recessive individual and a corresponding suspected heterozygote to determine the genotype of the latte
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multiple alleles
example of multiple alleles in humans is the ABO blood groups, discussed in the Non-Mendelian Inheritance concept
Other human traits determined by multiple alleles would be hair color, hair texture, eye color, built, physical structures, etc
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monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between homozygous individuals with different alleles for a single gene locus of interest
dihybrid cross
crossing over
process where homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and exchange different segments of genetic material to form recombinant chromosomes.
maintains genetic diversity within a population, allowing for millions of different genetic combinations to be passed from parents to offspring
allows the reassortment of linked genes #
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independent assortment
genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes; every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur
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For example, a plant that had round seeds and yellow seed color was cross-pollinated with a plant that had wrinkled seeds and green seed color
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A dihybrid cross is a genetic cross between individuals with different alleles for two gene loci of interest.
mutation
effects of mutation
the error made while making genes form proteins that may not function normally or not function at all causing disorder or being harmful
somatic mutation
Somatic mutations are mutations acquired by non-germline cells and cannot be inherited by the offspring of the parent organism of the mutated cell, with the exception of, for example, canine transmissible venereal tumor
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DNA repair process
Three types of excision repair—base-excision repair, nucleotide-excision repair, and mismatch repair—enable cells to cope with a variety of different kinds of DNA damage.
replication of dna
DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of the chain is part of the original DNA molecule, half is brand new.
it creates a next copy of DNA that have to go into one of the two daughter cells when a cell divides Without replication, each cell lacks adequate hereditary fabric to give instructions for creating proteins vital for bodily purpose
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