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70 yo female developed pneumonia after moving to a higher altitude and is…
70 yo female developed pneumonia after moving to a higher altitude and is exhibiting shallow breathing with wet, wheezing cough
Background
Anatomy of lungs
Two Lungs
Located in the thoracic cavity and are
connected to the trachea via two bronchi
Right Lung divided into 3 lobes
Left Lung divided by 2 lobes
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Bronchi
connect both lungs via the right and left bronchus divided at the carina Each bronchi enter the lungs though the hilum the bronchi then branch further into:
Secondary bronchi
to
Tertiary bronchi
to
Bronchioles allow for oxygen to reach deep into lungs through Alveolar ducts and into alveolar sacs
which house individual
Alveoli
Alveoli contained in small sacs and covered by Capillaries that branch from pulmonary artery
and
Vein
Is the site for Gas Exchange
Gas Exchange
Upon inhalation, O2 is brought into the alveoli
as pulmonary arterioles bring unoxygenated blood into capillaries dropping off CO2 through capillary wall into alveoli
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Gas Laws
Henry's Law
When a gas is in contact with a liquid, the gas will dissolve in that liquid in proportion to it's partial pressure
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Inflammation in the Respiratory System leads to poor gas exchange due to the abundant cells responding to cause
Factors
Pt's age has an effect due to a weakened immune system and her slow response to acclimate to the elevation change
Due to the elevation change, pt has not had time to build red blood cells to compensate leaving less O2 to circulate through her bloodstream
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An inflammation response due to allergens in the air lead to leaky capillaries causing fluid build up in alveoli leading to poor gas exchange
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Leaky capillaries lead to increased shortness of breath as well as wet and wheezy breathing and cough