Sickle cell anemia
Upstream causes
Mutation of DNA, Genetic disorder
Nucleotide error in the DNA
Family history of sickle cell aneia
Background information
Physiology
Anatomy
Destruction of red blood cell
Direct cause
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin no oxygen, hemoglobin polimerization
Cells
Multiple organs domage
Red blood cells
Organs
Effet majors organs
Heart
Lungs
kidneys
Liver
Bones
Eyes
Organ system
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Respirator
Cardiovascular
heart problem
Fatigue et weakness
Ventricul elargise
Low blood pressure
Nervous
Brain
Stroke
seizure
Liver enlargement
Respiratory
Spleen enlargement
Aplastic crisis,splenic sequenstrationcrisis
Yellow color of the skin, jaundice
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Proteins
Nucleic acids
DNA
RNA
Nucleotides
Adenine
Guanine
Thymine
Cytosine
Nucleotides
Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Lipids
Fatty acids
Carbohydrates
Sugar
downstream causes
Kidney damage
Cardiovascular
Low blood pressure
Palpitations
Rapid heart beat
Weakness and and fatigue
Abdominal changes
Damaged internal organs due to ischemia, hypoxia, enlarged liver and spleen
Liver dysfinction, yellowing of body, jaundice
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Loss of water in urine,
proteinuria, low absorption and filtration
Abdominal changes
domge interne organs due to ischemia
Liver defection,yellowing of body, jaundice
Pain crisis/sickle cell crisis due to obstruction of blood, painful swelling of fingers, toes
Macromolecules
Quarternary structure
Two or more polypeptide chains connected by
intermolecular interactions
tertiary structure
3 dimensional model due to
intermolecular interactions
between amino acids forming a
polypeptide chain
Secondary structure
Alpha helix, beta sheets and beta turns
Primary structure
Sequence of amino acids
Clumped hemoglobin
sickle cell shaped red blood cells
Indirect cause
Error in the DNA
Hemoglobin S are sensitive to low oxygen clump together and lead to tissue hypoxia