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Athens & Spartans (Athens (Slaves (Slaves were the lowest class in…
Athens & Spartans
Athens
Democracy
Democracy developed around the sixth century BC in the Greek city-state known as a Polis.
Gods
There were 12 Olympian Gods that the Athens religion worshiped. The 12 Gods were Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Ares, Aphrodite, Hephaestus, Hermes and either Hestia, or Dionyssos.
Military Weapons
Slaves
Slaves were the lowest class in Athenian society.
Slaves were far less harshly treated than in most other Greek cities
Some slaves were allowed to buy their own freedom.
Those who worked in the nearby Laurium silver mines - where most quickly perished and were the lowest of all slaves.
Diet
The Greek diet was very healthy. Food in Ancient Greece consisted of grains, wheat, barley, fruit, vegetables, breads, and cake.
Spartans
Military
Battalion Leader
Colonel
Brigadier
General
Supreme Commander
Horse Archers
Captain
Hoplite
Regiment Commander Cavalry
Social Class
Perioikoi
Lacedaemonians of surrounding territory that did not possess full citizens rights.
Helots
Conquered subjects used in serifs that lived in Eurotas valley or in Mesopotamia. Property of the Roman state.
Spartiates
Full citizens of the polis.
Technology
Weapons
Spears
Dory
A well balanced spear used for melee combat, primarily used in the Phalanx of Greek armies. It had a secondary point at the end of the shaft that could be used if the primary spearhead was broken off.
Javelin
A light spear with a small head, can be used in melee combat but is also capable of being thrown.
Swords
Kopis
A one handed, single edge sword similar to most machetes of the modern era, usually made of iron with a partial hand guard and a heavy end blade.
Xiphos
A double edged shortsword that served as a secondary weapon.
Architecture
Spartan architecture reflects their philosophy: purely functional. The only exception to this is their temples.
Religion
Spartans were polytheistic, meaning they believed in many gods. The Spartan's belief in the gods was so strong that they obeyed and respected them without question, to the disapproval of Greece.
Practices
Religious Festivals
Sparta while being a military state, also enjoyed the benefits of festivals, and some of their major festivals were intrinsically tied to their religious beliefs.
Hyakinthia
A major festival in the Spartan calendar that lasted for three days, and celebrated the god Apollo and Hyakinthos.
Karneia
A great national festival, held in honor of Apollo Carneus.
Gymnopaedia
A festival in celebration of the trio of Apollo, Artemis, and their mother, Leto.
Priests
In ancient Sparta, there were no priests, but in many ways the true priests of the Sparta were the kings themselves. Considered to be priests of Zeus, they would partake in many practices, such as note taking.
Note Taking
A religious record keeping practice of every possible sign from the gods, as well as their possible meanings.
Gods
The primary gods in Sparta were the Olympians, led by Zeus, who was connected to all the other gods in some way. Each god served a different purpose depending on the City-State.
Hera
Queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage, women, childbirth, heirs, kings, and empires.
Hephaestus
God of fire, metalworking, and crafts.
Hades
King of the underworld and the dead. God of wealth.
Demeter
Goddess of grain, agriculture, harvest, growth, and nourishment.
Zeus
King of the gods, ruler of Mount Olympus, and god of the sky, weather, thunder, lightning, law, order, and justice.
Apollo
God of music, arts, knowledge, healing, plague, prophecy, poetry, manly beauty, and archery. Favorite of Sparta
Artemis
Virgin goddess of the hunt, wilderness, animals and young girls. In later times, Artemis became associated with bows and arrows.
Athena
Goddess of reason, wisdom, intelligence, skill, peace, warfare, battle strategy, and handicrafts.
Ares
God of war, bloodshed, and violence. Favorite of Sparta
Aphrodite
Goddess of beauty, love, desire, and pleasure. Was worshiped in Sparta as a warrior
Hermes
God of boundaries, travel, communication, trade, language, thieves and writing. Hermes was also responsible for protecting livestock and presided over the spheres associated with fertility, music, luck, and deception.
Dionysus
God of wine, fruitfulness, parties, festivals, madness, chaos, drunkenness, vegetation, ecstasy, and the theater.
Hestia
Virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and chastity.
Poseidon
God of the sea, rivers, floods, droughts, and earthquakes.
Diet
Spartans were well known for eating primarily meat, the roman author Aelian once claimed that Spartan cooks were prohibited from cooking anything but meat.
By AJ and Buddy
