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Path: Oesophagus (i) (metaplasia (not the same as dysplasia, but can…
Path: Oesophagus (i)
metaplasia
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not the same as dysplasia, but can become dysplastic + hence premalignant
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Achalasia
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causes
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secondary
infections (trypanosoma, polio)
infiltration (tumour, amyloid, sarcoid)
structure
mucosa
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lamina propria (thin layer of loose connective tissue beneath the epithelium, contains Ns + vessels)
submucosa (supportive connective tissue, contains blood vessels + Ns
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Causes of dysphasia
lesions in lumen: foreign body, carcinoma
lesions in wall: tumours, scleroderma (excess fibrosis), strictures
lesions outside wall: tumours (e.g. lung), aortic aneurysms, lymphadenopathy
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Anatomic disorders
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acquired abnormalities
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rings (mucosa, submucosa + fibrous bands in circumferential rings) - cause dysphagia
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