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Lecture 6: Identity (Measuring environmental identity (Implicit…

- - - - Gain self-esteem
      - autonomy and independence
      - desire to be related to others to seek belongingness
      - defensive functions & threat avoidance
      - serves basic psychological needs
      - the more an identity fulfils these needs, stronger it is
- - - - lack of self-confidence
      - Social & emotional disorders
      - lower school achievement
    - - overstimulation due to fast pace of stimuli
      - creates need for greater rate of attention grabbing stimuli
      - affect attention abilities of young
  - - - Less creative, lower self-esteem
      - Lack of exercise, navigation & survival skills
      - Lack of unstructured play
      - Depression, loneliness
      - lower achievement
      - Allergies, biophobia
      - ADD, other attentional issues
      - behavioural & emotional disorders
      - more reliant on others
  - - - Increase of fenced off land
      - Illegal to wander in natural areas
      - much less access nowadays due to criminalisation of nature play
      - Fear of liability & litigation by owners
    - - builds confidence in ability to solve problems
      - Learning to use whatever resources available
      - no rules, allow to exericse creativity and imagination
- - - - Zoo volunteers
        
        social community that shares a love for animals
        
        strongly value animals as individuals, see them as friends
        
        tend to have high environmental identities
      - Zoo visitors
        
        leads to discussions abt animals & our r/s with them
        
        Visitors place themselves in animals' perspective
      - Animistic cultures
        
        individuals identify with these diff souls particularly animals-->totemism
        
        eg. Amazonian Bororo claim to be red macaws or at least metaphorically like them
        
        believe that many parts of nature have spirits in it
  - - - Placelessness
      - Grounding to a place is impt for healthy identity
      - alienation
  - - - Need for connection & belonging
      - Need to feel competent & self-reliant
      - need for autonomy/freedom
- - - - under controlled settings eg. zoos, aquariums
    - - more common form of contact nowadays
      - through others or through media
    - - with natural elements of environment