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CHEMISTRY (Methanol Production (Steam Reforming (to obtain Hydrogen gas),…
CHEMISTRY
Lewis Structure of (SO4)2-
Step 1: Total up all valence electrons in the sulphate ion. (Ion charge is considered as well)
Oxygen : 6 valence electrons but there is 4 Oxygen atoms, thus 4(6) = 24
Sulphur : 6 valence electrons
The sulphate ion has -2 charge, which is an anion. The anion accept electrons which we need to add another 2 electrons
Total electrons : 32
Step 2 : Draw the skeletal structure
The less electronegative (Sulphur) element will be placed at the center, surrounded by more electronegative (Oxygen) elements
Add unshared electron pairs around each atom so that octet of electrons can be formed
Calculate the formal charge of each atom Formal Charge : Valence electron - number of lone pairs electrons - 1/2 bond electrons
Step 3 : Completion of the sructure
There is not enough electrons at the central atom, look for the multiple bonds by transferring electrons from the lone pairs until it has octet configuration
By delocalizing the oxygen lone pairs, a double bond is generated and the charge of the central atom is decreased, thus made the molecule become more stable
Step 4 : Resonance Structure
When there is double bond (delocalization) in the molecule, the molecule will exist a resonance structure
Resonance
Methanol Production
Steam Reforming (to obtain Hydrogen gas)
CH4
(g)
+ H20
(g)
->/<- CO
(g)
+ 3H2
(g)
CO
(g)
+ H2O
(g)
->/<- CO2
(g)
+ H2*(g)8
Produce Methanol
2H2
(g)
+ CO
(g)
->/<- CH3OH
(l)
with these conditions; i) Presence of Chromium as catalyst ii) at 300C
iii) with pressure of 300 atm
