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Rana Plaza Collapse (What Happened? (On the 24th Apri 2013, Rana Plaza…

- - - - Cramped working environment for factory workers, impacting on evacation of the building
      - Large amounts of noise and vibations being omitted by the machiners on the top floors of the building
      - Third-world working conditions and the states of the building was seen as normal
    - - Site Design
        
        :red_flag:Active Failure: The machinery on the top floors also emitted vibrations through the building, which was contributed to weakening the structure
        
        :red_flag:Active Failure: The placement of large machinery, which included generators and textile maunfacturing machinery, on the top floors placed considerable weight on the allready weakened structure.
        
        :red_flag: Design Failure: The construction of the additonal two stories atop the existing building compromised its structural integrity
        
        The building was originally only constructed to be six stories
        
        :red_flag: Design Failure: Rana Plaza was constructed on land that was once a swamp.
  - - - :red_flag:Management / Organisational Failure: Managements lack to identify hazards within the building, in this case the cracks that appeared in one of the supporting columns.
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure: Managements decision to disreguard engineers recomendations to close the building in fear of collapse
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure:Managements decision to threaten workers of the textile manufacturing facilities in order to make them re-enter the building and continuing work
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure:Managements decision to over-rule authorities call to evacuate the building after the cacks had been found.
    - - Because Bangladesh is a third-world country, with very little income. Cuts were taken at all levels of management. Because of this, there were no policys or procedures in place at the time, as there wasa bigger push in getting work done, as opposed to getting work done safely
    - - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure: Non Structured work environment. The owner of the building basically dictated his orders to the rest of the staff and workers.
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure:No organisational structure
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure: Unable to challenge the owners decision because of fear of loosing their jobs. Thoes working in the textile factories didnt have a voice, or a means to express their concerns to management
  - - - Sohel Rana monetarily bribed a political contact into approving the additional two stories illegally
      - The owner, Sohel Rana used his political influences to obtain the land where Rana Plaza was to be built
      - The political party in power at the time, the then ruling Awami League. It was evident that there was a great deal of corruption within the political scene in Bangladesh at the time of the collapse. The political party accepted bribes from Rana so that he coud construct the additional two stories ontop of the existing building
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure: Lack of action taken from the Rana. When large cracks were reported in the building, Rana should have taken the engineers and authoriies warnings that the building was unsafe.
      - :red_flag: Management / Organisational Failure: The workers within the textile factories were forced to re-enter the crippled building as they were threatened with loss of wages and job loss. Even though most workers were aware of the poor state the buiding was in, they could not afford to lose their job or any income.
      - :red_flag: Government / Organisational Failure :Auhorities not taking a stronge stance towards Rana, throug fear from his political relationships
    - - There were reports that Rana tryed to play down the largecracks in the supporting pillar, saying that only the gyprock had cracked and needed replacing.
      - :red_flag:Latent Failure: Complacency by Rana by not thinking he knew better that the inspecting engineer and authorities, he ultimatly over ruled their decision to close the building, and forced workers back inside by threatening them with their jobs and loss of wages
- - - - Industrial Sewing Machines
- - - - The original purpose on Rana Plaza was to offer a building that included shops, a financial institution as well as office spaces for various Bangladesh buisnesses
        
        Concept Failure:
        
        The owners of the complex illegally built an additional two stories on top of the original structure and dedicated them to textile manufacturing facilities.
    - - The Concrtuction of the original building consisted on a steel reinforced concrete structure.
        
        Construction Failure
        
        Management/ Organisational Failure: In order to cut construction costs, Rana insisted in using low quality construction materials, which included the iron rods which were used to reinforce the structure (Associated Press, 2013). :red_flag:
    - - There was no documented maintenance process for Rana Plaza.
        
        Maintenance Failure
        
        Because of the lack or non existant maintenance on the building, vital signs that the building may have been showing weaknesses in the supporting structure may have been missed
    - - Rana Plaza never made it to the decommissioning stage. However if the owners had identified that the original structure was unsuitable to cope with the increased load on the additional floors and heavy machinery, then the oriinal Plaza could have been decommissioned and a new structure built that could cope with the additional weight and vibrations that were emotted form the heavy machinery
    - - Once construction was finished there was no commissioing process of the building,
        
        Commissioning Faliure
        
        Because there was no documented commsioning process or final approval of the building, there was no safeguard to raise or fix any issues with the building that may have been present.
    - - There was a huge downfall in the designing of the additional two floors that were constructed atop Rana Plaza. There was not enough concideration in the existing structures load limitations. No planning or tests were carried out to establish that the existing structure could handel the additional weight of the proposed two floors and the weight of the contents within the two floors
        
        Design Failure: Rana Plaza was not designed to withstand the weight of the additional two levels :red_flag:
  - - - The original building was only designed to bear the weight of six stories as well as the contents of shops, office furniture, and a financial instiution.
        
        The addition of the two generators and heavy textile machinery was placed on the top floors, the original building was never designed to cope with the vibrations that the machines produced.
        
        Latent Failure: Rana Plaza was not designed to take the weight of two additional floors. :red_flag: