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Electricity (Material can become electrically charged (Static charges are…
Electricity
Material can become electrically charged
Electric charge is a property of matter
Protons (positive) and electrons (negative) have electric charges
Electric charge: property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
Electric field: the space around a particle where an electric charge can exert the force
Particles with the same type of charge (like charges) repel and particles with a different type of charge (unlike charges) attract
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Static charge: a buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
More protons = positive charge / more electrons = negative charge
Electrons can move easily from atom to atom while protons can't
Can build up in uncharged material when it touches or comes near a charged material
Charging by contact
When two uncharged objects (from same material) touch, electrons move from one material to another
How materials affect static charging
When one materials electrons are attracted to another material more than their own
Charging by induction
Induction: the buildup of charge without direct contact
Can produce a temporary static charge (sometimes even a stable static charge)
If a material with a negative charge comes close to a conductor, many of the electrons will move to the opposite side of the conductor (repels). The electrons will later balance out again (temporary)
Charge polarization
Induction can build a charge by changing the position of electrons
If the electrons cannot easily move away from their atom then the negative charges within the atoms may shift to the other side (atoms are polarized)
Charges can move from on place to another
Electric current is a flow of charge