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Electricity (Materials can become electrically charged (Static charges are…
Electricity
Materials can become electrically charged
Electric Charge is a property of matter
Electric charge: property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it
Electric Field: space around a particle throught which an electric charge can exert this force
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Static charge: buildup of an electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
Induction: buildup of a charge without direct contact
Charging by contact: 2 uncharged objects touch each other- electrons move from one material to another
Charge Polarization: when electron comes near neutrally charged object electrons repel the others and move away so now the newly positive charged object attracts the electron that are near
Technology uses static electricity
Static charges can be useful in technology
Charges can move from one place to another
Static charges have potential energy
Electric Potential Energy: energy a charged particle has due to its position in an electric field
Electric potential: amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
Measured in Volts
Charge Movement: When a charge moves some of its electric potential energy is used in moving the charge and some of it can be used to do other work
Moving charge transfers energy when you get a shock from static electricity
Materials affect charge movement
Conductor: material that allows an electric charge to pass through it easily
Metals such as iron, steel, copper, and aluminum
insulator: material that does not easily allow a charge to pass through it
plastic and rubber
Resistance: property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it
measured in ohms
Superconductors: must be kept extremly cold- not practical
Grounding: providing harmless, low resistance path (ground) for electricity to follow
Electric current is a flow of charge
Electric charge can flow continuously
Charge can flow only if it has a path to follow- material to conduct it
Amps measure current
ohms law: current=voltage/resistance
Volts ohms and amps can be measured using a multimeter
Electric cells supply electric current
Electric cell: produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials
Electrochemical cell- electric cell that produces current by means of chemical reactions
Primary cells
Storage cells