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Biological Molecules (Nucleic Acid (Each nucleotide contains: 5-C sugar…
Biological Molecules
Nucleic Acid
Each nucleotide contains: 5-C sugar-either Ribose or deoxyribose (has one less oxygen), phosphate group, nitrogen-containing base- adenine (2-ring), guanine (2-ring), cytosine (1-ring) or thymine (1-ring)
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Made up of long chains of nucleotides -contain N and P (in addition to C, H, O
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DNA- Sequence of nucleotides is different in every species=unique code to synthesize proteins (made up of 2 nucleotide chains that twist to form a "double helix"
RNA- copies of DNA, carries genetic code from nucleus to cytoplasm so that it can be read/ proteins can be synthesized
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ATP transports energy within cells, product of cellular respiration
Proteins
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Structure and Function
Denaturation- occurs when the 2 and 3 structures of a protein have been altered, protein cant function properly
Determined by DNA- amino acids must be in proper sequence in order to be in the correct place in a protein
Proteins can be denatured by: changes in temp, changes in salinity, changes in pH
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Lipids
Phospholipids
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Similar to oils, but have a phosphate group
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Oils, Fats Waxes
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Most oils- plant seeds- unsaturated (at least one double bond with hydrocarbons) *double bonds cause "kinks" keeping them liquid at room temperature
Hydrogenated oils (trans fats) created by breaking fatty acid double bonds- our bodies are unsure of how to "deal" with these molecules and the trans fats can lead to an increase in bad cholesterol
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