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Electricity (Materials Can Become Electrically Charged (Atoms have an…
Electricity
Materials Can Become Electrically Charged
Electric Charge
Def: A property that allows an object to give electric force to another object without touching it
Characteristics: exerts a force which is push/pull
Examples: balloon and fur/hair
Nonexamples: neutron
Electric Field
Def: space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert this force
Characteristics: greater near the particle and weaker farther away
Nonexamples: Neutron
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Charging by Contact
Materials in contact are touching each other
Electrons move from one to another
How Materials Affect Static Charging
higher materials on the list give electrons to lower materials on the list
Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons
protons have a positive charge
electrons have a negative charge
charges balance each other and the overall charge on the atom is neutral
particles with the same type of charges (like charges) repel each other and push each other away
particles with unlike charges attract each other or pull on each other
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Static Charge
Def: buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of many particles with the same charge
ordinarily, the atoms that make up a material have a balance of protons and electrons
a material becomes statically charged when it contains more of one type of charged particle than another
if there are more protons than electrons, it's positively charged
if there are more electrons than protons in a material, it has a negative charge
Net Charge
total number of unbalanced positive or negative charges in an object
measured in coulombs
result from the movement of electrons
Conduction
movement of electrons through an object
Charging by Contact
How Materials Affect Static Charging
Charging by Induction
Induction: buildup of a charge without direct contact
Charges Can Move From One Place To Another
Electric Current Is A Flow of Charge