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Electricity (Materials Can Become Electrically Charged (Electric Charge is…
Electricity
Materials Can Become Electrically Charged
Electric Charge is a property of matter
Protons and Electrons have electric charges
Electric Charge: Property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it.
Protons = positive charge(+)
Electrons have negative charge(-)
Atom has equal number of protons/electrons
Charges balance, atom = neutral
Same charge = like charge, different charge = unlike charge
Like charge = repel
Unlike charge = attract
Electric Field
Space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert force.
Strength of the field is greater near the particle and weaker farther away.
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons
Static Charge: Buildup of electric charge in an object caused by the presence of lots of particles w/ same charge
Becomes charged when material has more of one charged particle.
More protons = positive charge
Electrons = negative charge
Total # of unbalanced charges in an object = net charge
Met charge is measured in coulombs
Couloumb = 10^19 electrons/protons
Electrons can move easily, protons can't
Charges in material usually from movement of electrons
Called conduction
Electrons move = negative charge Electrons move away from = positive charge
Positive/Negative charge = ions
Charging by Contact
Two uncharged objects touch, electrons move from one material to the other
Van de Graff generator
Builds up strong static charge through contact
How Materials Affect Static Charging
Charging by contact happens when a material's electrons are more attracted to another material
Glass gives up electrons to wool
Charging by Induction
Charging occurs when not touching if one of the materials has a charge
Charged particles push/pul each other through electric fields, no touching
Pushing/pulling = charge
1st charge induces 2nd charge
Induction: Buildup of a charge without direct contact
Produces temporary static charge
Electrons can't return to original distribution
Stable Static Charge
Charge Polarization
Build charge by changing position of electrons, even when electrons don't move
If electorns cant easily move away from atoms, negative charges shift to side away from balloon
Atoms polarized
Technology uses static electricty
Photocopier
Cars
Charges Can Move From One Place To Another
Static Charges have Potential Energy
Electric Potential Energy
EPE = Energy a charged particle has due to its position in electric field
Like charges repel
Takes energy to push a charged particle closer to another particle w/ like charge
Energy stored as the EPE of the first particle
Electric Potential
Amount of EPE per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field
Measured in volts( EP = voltage
1 Volt = 1J per Couloumb of charge
Charge Movement
When charge moves, some of EPE is used in moving the charge
Lightning
Charge Speraration
Charge Buildup
Static Discharge
Electric Current Is A Flow of Charge