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Electricity (Materials can become electrically charged. (Electric charge…
Electricity
Materials can become electrically charged.
Electric charge is a property of matter.
Electric Field:
The space around a particle through which an electric charge can exert its force.
Electric Charge:
A property that allows an object to exert an electric force on another object without touching it.
Static charges are caused by the movement of electrons.
Static Charge:
The build-up of electric charge in an object.
How Materials Affect Static Charging
Skin is the most positively charged while polyster is more negatively charged.
Charging by Induction
Induction:
The build-up of a charge without direct contact.
Charging by Contact
Electrons move from one atom to another.
Charge Polarization
When atoms shift away when the electrons cannot move easily, they are said to be polarized.
Technology uses static electricity.
Photocopiers use static electricity to print stuff.
Charges can move from one place to another.
Materials affect charge movement.
Resistance
Ohms:
Units in which resistance is measured.
Resistance:
The property of a material that determines how easily a charge can move through it.
Superconductors and Grounding
Superconductors must be kept extremely cold to be efficient.
Grounding:
To provide a low-resistance path, or ground.
Conductors and Insulators
Conductors allow electric charges to pass easily.
Insulators do not allow charges to pass easily.
Static charges have potential energy.
Charge Movement and Lightning
The charge must have a path that it can follow and the electric potnetial must be great enough to move.
Potential Energy and Electric Potential
Electric Potential:
The amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at a certain position in an electric field (measured in volts).
Electric current is a flow of charge.
Electric charge can flow continuously.
Electirc Current:
The flow of charge, which supplies the energy in houses, schools, and other buildings.
Current, Voltage, and Resistance
The voltage, or the pressure pushing the charges, and the resistance, or the size of the wire, determines the rate of elctric charge, or electric current.
Ohm's Law
Current=Voltage/Resistance (I=V/R)
Measuring Electricity
A multimeter is used to measure electricity in amperes.
Electric cells supply electrical current.
Electric Cell:
A device that produces electric current using the chemical or physical properties of different materials.
Electrochemical Cells
Primary cells produce electric current through chemical reactions until the chemical(s) are used up.
Storage cells produce current through chemical reactions that can be reversed.
Solar Cells
Streetlights that turn on automatically at night use solar cells.
Materials that absorb energy from the Sun and turn it into electric current.