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Grammar (Can be acquired naturally from meaningful input and opportunities…
Grammar
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Input hypothesis and the notion of intake: Learners receive information about language from a variety of sources
Noticing: Learners pick out specific features of the language and pay attention to them.
*Relates to the learner's common sense about basic functions of language
Reasoning deductively: Learners apply rules they already know to working out the meaning of what they hear or to the formulation of what they want to say
Analysing contrastively: A learner may compare the first and second language and work out their similarities and differences
Translating: Using English as a meta-language for getting the ideas straight on the structure and semantic range of the Foreign Language
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Automatizing: Learner can achieve regular and consistent responses in conversation to a certain type of input
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Implicit grammatical knowledge: Intuitive knowledge of grammar which develops in the same way as it does in young children acquiring their first language
Explicit knowledge: Can help learners to appreciate the gap that exists between the language which they and other ss produce and native speaker forms
Focus on grammar and the explicit learning rules can facilitate and speed up the grammar acquisition process
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Presenting and focusing information : The way in which we create contrastive focus in spoken language by using stress
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Pragmatics Ways in which we interpret the meanings of spoken or written language from the words spoken
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Order of presentation : Which forms of the item to teach and in what order, and in which forms to leave for the recycling stages
Use of terminology: Having a metalanguage may be useful for advanced learners particularly in discussing errors in writing or in helping them to understand difficult semantic relations
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Grammar consciousness-raising tasks can promote significant gains in acquiring the target grammatical structure.
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Presentation: To present new language in context so the meaning is clear
Practice: To help ss memorize the form
Production: To reduce control and encourage ss to find out what they can do
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