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Burn Victim ((The functions of the integumentary system and how it helps…

- - - - How the integumentary system helps keep homeostasis:
        By acting as a barrier the integumentary system keeps homeostasis in the body.
    - - The Rule of Nines: "method used in calculating body surface area involved in burns, whereby values of 9% or 18% of surface area are assigned to specific regions in the adult as follows: Head and neck, 9%; anterior thorax, 18%; posterior thorax, 18%; arms, 9% each; legs, 18% each; and perineum, 1%."
        https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rule+of+nines
        
        How to use it: "In this method, the body is divided into sections of 9 per cent, or multiples of 9 per cent, each: head and neck, 9 per cent; anterior trunk, 18 per cent; posterior trunk, 18 per cent; upper limbs, 18 per cent; lower limbs, 36 per cent; genitalia and perineum, 1 per cent. The rule of nines is fairly accurate for adults but does not allow for differences in proportion in children, for whom the lund and browder classification is generally used."
        https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/rule+of+nines
        
        When are burn injuries classified as "critical?"
        When the burn leaves a person disabled, disfigured, or in a life threatening situation. Usually these burns go farther into the body i.e. bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
        https://www.sharecare.com/health/burns/what-is-critical-burn
  - - - Within each region there are layers:
        Epidermis contains:
        
        Stratum Corneum
        
        Stratum Lucidum
        
        Stratum Granulosum
        
        Stratum Spinosum
        
        Stratum Basale
        
        Dermis contains:
        
        Papillary Layer
        
        Reticular Layer
        
        Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer: No specific layers
        
        Tissue types involved:
        Epidermis:
        Stratum Corneum - Most superficial layer of epidermis; 20-30 layers of dead, flattened, anucleate, keratin filled keratinocytes.
        Stratum Lucidum - 2-3 layers of anucleate, dead keratinocytes; seen only in thick skin. (Palms of hands and soles of feet.)
        Stratum Granulosum - 3-5 layers of keratinocytes with distinct granules in cytoplasm; keratinization begins in this layer.
        Stratum Spinosum - Several layers of keratinocytes attached to neighbors by desmosomes; epidermal dendrictic cells present.
        Stratum Basale - Deepest, single layer of the cuboidal to low columnar keratinocytes in contact with basement membrane; cell division occurs here; also contains melanocytes and tactile cells.
        Dermis:
        Papillary Layer - Superficial layer of dermis; composed of areolar connective tissue; forms dermal papillae; houses capillaries and tactile receptors.
        Reticular Layer - Deeper layer of dermis; composed of dense irregular connective tissue surrounding and supporting hair follicles, sebaceous glands and sweat glands, nerves, and blood vessels.
        Hypodermis or Subcutaneous Layer - Not considered part of the integument; deep to dermis; composed of areolar and adipose connective tissue.
        Taken from my A and P book. Table 6.1