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Biochemistry (Molecular Structure and Function (Carbohydrates- A sugar…
Biochemistry
Molecular Structure and Function
Carbohydrates- A sugar (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides)
Lipids- Any group of large biological molecules (fats, phospholipids, steroids) (mix poorly or not at all with water)
Proteins- biologically functional molecule consisting of one or more polypeptides folded/coiled into a 3D structure.
Nucleic Acids- A polymer made of many nucleotide monomers. (influencer of all cellular activities of proteins. Two types: DNA, RNA
Polymer- Long molecule consisting of similar/identical monomers bonded by covalent bonds
Dehydration Reaction- Chemical reaction where two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule
Hydrolysis Reaction- Chemical reaction that beaks bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; functions in disassembly of polymers to monomers
Molecular diversity of life
Organic Chemistry- The study of Carbon Compounds
Carbon- The back bone of life
Hydrocarbons- molecules consisting of only Carbon and Hydrogen
Functional Groups (7) Chemical groups that play roles in chemical reactions
Amino (-NH2) Nitrogen atom bonded with two Hydrogen atoms (can act as a base)
Sulfhydryl (-SH) Sulfur atom bonded to a Hydrogen atom
Carboxyl (-COOH) Carbon atom double-bonded to an Oxygen atom and a Hydroxyl group
Phosphate (-OPO3^2) Phosphorous atom bonded to four Oxygen atoms
Carbonyl (>C=O) Carbon atom double-bonded to an Oxygen atom
Methyl (-CH3) Carbon bonded to three Hydrogen atoms
Hydroxyl (-OH) Oxygen atom bonded with a Hydrogen atom (molecules containing this group are soluble in water)(alcohols)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)- An organic molecule called adenosine is attached to 3 phosphate groups. This contributes to the storing and transferring of energy between cells