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Leaves (morphology and anatomy of other leaf types (leaves of conifers…
Leaves
morphology and anatomy of other leaf types
succulent leaves
thick and fleshy
shapes reduces surface to volume ratio and favors water consumption
sclerophyllous foliage leaves
must produce more sugars by photosynthesis than are used in their own construction and metabolism
leaves of conifers
leaves are sclerophylls
thick cuticle
unpalatable cells and thick cell walls
leaves are always simple, never compound
leaves are mostly perennial
needles
bud scales
perennial plants
small and rarely compound
petiole is either short or absent
tougher and waxier than other leaves
produces think layer of corky bark
spines
cacttus spines are modified leaves of axillary buds
no mesophyll or parenchyma is present
tendrils
peas, cucumbers, and squash
contain cells that can sense contact with objects
when tendril touches something, the side facing the object stops growing
leaves with kranz anatomy
occurs in c4 plants
adapts c4 plants to arid environments
insect traps
Active or passive traps
active traps move during capture. passive traps incapable of movement.
external structure of foliage leaves
function of foliage leaves- photosynthesis
leaf blade- flat portion of leaf. aka lamina
simple or compound
simple leaf blade has one part where a compound leaf blade has several individual parts
compound leaflets can flex without tearing
dorsal surface- lower side of leaf
ventral surface- upper side of leaf
petiole- stalk of leaf
sessile leaf- leaf without a petiole
angiosperms
internal structure of foliage leaves
epidermis
transpiration- water loss through epidermis
contains gaurd cells and trichomes
leaf epidermis are hairy
contains coating of cutin and wax
mesophyll
ground tissues interior to leaf epidermis
palisade parenchyma- aka palidsade mesopyll; main photosynthetic tissue for most plants
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spongy mesophyll- lower part of leaf
open loose arenchyma- allows co2 to diffuse rapidly into leaf's interior
vascular tissues
eudicot leaves have one large midrib from which lateral veins emerge that branch into minor veins
minor veins- releases water from xylem and loads sugars into phloem
midrib and lateral veins are responsible for conduction
petiole
transition between stem and lamina
initiation and development of leaves
basal angiosperms and eudicots
monocots
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ex. grasses, irises, lilies
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foliage leaves are very long
this is an example of a plant tendril
this image shows the labeled structure of a leaf
Example of a monocot leaf
All plants have msesophyl
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foliage leaves have parenchyma
most angiosperms are monocot
