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Infant recently Dx w/ circulatory problems and anemia (low blood cell…

- - - - adult male: 46%
      - adult female: 42%
      - Depending on infant's age:
        
        1 month: 37%-49%
        
        3 months: 30%-36%
        
        1 yr: 29%-41%
- - - - Coagulation phase
        
        begins 30+ seconds after injury
        
        depends on clotting factors (procoagulants) present
        
        many of these proenzymes (inactive enzymes)
        
        convert to active enzymes and direct reactions in clotting response
        
        involves three pathways:
        
        Extrinsic pathway:
        
        first to initiate common pathway
        
        occurs outside bloodstream and starts from damaged tissue
        
        release
        
        intrinsic pathway:
        
        occurs inside bloodstream (from endothelial cells/CT)
        
        plateletes release PF-3, activates Factor X
        
        common pathway:
        
        both pathways lead to common pathway
        -begins w/ activation of factor X
        -end result is the production of a blood clot
        -thrombin generated here forms positive feedback loop to accelerate clotting process
        -controls clotting:
        -anticoagulants - heparin - thrombomodulin - protacyclin
        
        calcium and vitamin K ions essential to clotting process and all three pathways require calcium
- - - - Not enough oxygen sent throughout body and tissues
        
        Can be because body does not produce enough blood via erythropoiesis (problems with kidney or liver)
        
        iron-deficiency: iron needed in hemoglobin to be at center of heme in order to help with interactions of oxygen molecules
        
        vitamin deficiency: need vitamin B12 to make RBC's
        
        problems with bone marrow bc erythropoiesis begins in red bone marrow in adults
  - - - Hairy cell leukemia: bone marrow makes too many B cells that look hairy under microscope
        
        Lymphatic Leukemia: result of DNA mutation of blood-producing cells
        
        causes overproduction of lymphocytes and one is worst types of leukemia
        
        myeloid leukemia: overproduction of myeloblasts
      - monocytic and monoblastic leukemia:
        
        type of myeloid leukemia:
        
        results from overproduction of monocytes in marrow