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Chapter 6: Leaves (Morphology and Anatomy of Other Leaf Types (insect…

- - - - Portulacaceae
        
        portulaca
        
        lewisia
      - Aizoaceae
      - Crassulaceae
        
        kalamanchoe
        
        sedum
      - others
    - - water retention
        
        reduced CO2 uptake
    - - reduces water loss
      - more light
        
        enters leaf
        
        lithops
        
        frithia
  - - - more sugars
        
        than needed
        
        to make leaf
    - - barberry
      - holly
      - agave
      - yucca
  - - - thick walls
        
        epidermis
        
        hypodermis
      - always simple #
      - thick cuticle
      - needles
        
        furs
        
        pines
        
        spruces
      - leaves
        
        sclerophylls
    - - arborvitae
        
        thuja
      - agathis
      - junipers/cypresses
        
        cupressus
      - araucaria
      - podocarpus
        
        podocarpus wallichianus
    - - last many years
      - annual
        
        bald cypress
        
        taxodium
        
        dawn redwood
        
        metasquoia
        
        larches
        
        larix
      - evergreen
  - - - protection
    - - and waxier
        
        than normal leaves
    - - thin
        
        corky bark
  - - - of axillary buds
    - - from animals
    - - mesophyll parenchyma
      - vascular tissue
  - - - cucumbers
      - squash
      - peas
    - - tactile cells
        
        side facing object
        
        stops growing
  - - - palisadde parenchyma
      - spongy mesophyll
  - - - poor in
        
        nitrates
        
        ammonia
    - - darlingtomia
      - sarracenia
      - nepenthes
    - - drosera
        
        sticky digestive liquid
    - - dionaea muscipula
        
        (venus flytrap)
- - - - transpiration
    - - sunken into
        
        epidermal cavitites
  - - - aka palisade mesophyll
      - main photosynthetic material
    - - lower leaf
      - loose aerenchyma
    - - interior to epidermis
  - - - aka midvein
    - - palisade parenchyma
        
        and
        
        spongy mesophyll
    - - many fibers
      - tough
        
        prevents consumption
      - tannin
      - starch storage
      - mucilage
  - - - but large in
        
        celery
        
        water lilies
        
        rhubarb
        
        palms
    - - between
        
        stem and
        
        lamina
    - - two flaps
        
        at base
        
        functions
        
        protection
        
        photosynthesis
- - - - tendrils
    - - fleshy leaves of bulbs
    - - bud scales
      - spines
    - - insect trapping
    - - photosynthesis
    - - leaves
      - stems
      - demonstrates
        
        division of labor
        
        organ integration
        
        stems
        
        high
        
        leaves
        
        flat/thin
        
        woody species
        
        new cells added
  - - - from
        
        bacteria
        
        algea
        
        fungi
  - - - aka abaxial side
        
        large veins protrude
        
        back side
    - - aka adaxial
        
        upper side
        
        smooth
    - - aka lamina
        
        light-harvesting
        
        flat
    - - stalk
      - prevents shading
      - holds blade into light
      - long/thin/flexible
        
        allow fluttering
        
        fresh air
        
        keeps bugs away
        
        cooling leaf
      - abscission zone
      - leaf scar
    - - no self-shading
      - may be no petiole
      - sessile
        
        instead of
        
        petiolate
        
        Aeonium tabuliforme
      - many monocots
        
        leaves
        
        long/tappered
        
        irises
        
        lilies
        
        grasses
        
        agaves
        
        yuccas
        
        leaf base
        
        wraps around
        
        stem
        
        1 more item...
    - - bundles of vascular tissue
        
        spread water
        
        collect sugars
        
        in eudicots
        
        reticulate venation
        
        in monocots
        
        parallel venation
- - - - activity of
        
        a shoot meristem
    - - protrusion
        
        from base
        
        of meristem
      - extents as cone
        
        rapidly
      - consists of
        
        leaf ground meristem
        
        leaf protoderm
  - - - similar to eudicots
    - - lamina broadens
        
        linear leaves
        
        grasses
        
        lilies
        
        has meristem