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Document Design and Graphics (How to construct graphics? (Graph -…
Document
Design and Graphics
How to design effective document?
White space - Good usage of white space will rest eyes.
In margins
Between paragraphs
Before itemized list
Between columns
Around graphics
Headings - Short title to introduce the main idea of selection part.
Graphics - Used to help reader get understand.
Familiar visual aid: tables, line graphs, and diagrams
Unfamiliar visual aids: schematics, pictographs, and internet graphs
Medium - May influence the document design.
Electronic based: e-mail, CD-ROM, web pages.
Paper based: Heavy stock, A4 paper, trifold brochure
Text or the words printed on the page
Page justification
Itemized list - Use number list to draw attention for sequence items.
Font
Size; Some documents usually use 10 to 12 point.
Type - Free, but prefer to use sans serif type for headings
Highlight features - Including bold, italic, underline, and capital letter.
Graphics can clarify information quickly, by ...
Considering audience's
Know
Interest
Need
Understand
Considering type of graphics by the purpose
Graph
Bar graph
Multiple bar graph
Line graph
Pie graph
Table
Informal table; To present small amount of numerical data
Formal table; To present number in easy-to-read rows and columns
Verbal table; To explain idea using words in rows and columns
Chart
Flowchart; To present a process
Decision flowchart; To tell how create decision
Organizational flowchart; To present a structure of organization
Gantt chart; To show schedule of a task
Icon - To present an idea by the symbol.
Diagram - To show representative details of an object
Photo - Show how something actually looks.
What is format to make understandable graphic?
Keep graphics neat and simple
Enough white space
Align decimal neatly
Simple graphic
Integrate graphics with text - Some types of data need reference statement.
Use color
Dos
To indicate a document's organization
Building attention to emphasize an important point
Convey specific information
Make the document attractive
Don'ts
Use more than four colors
Set many different colors for major heading
Use unusual combinations of colors
How to construct graphics?
Table
Informal table - No rules (without inner line)
Formal table - With rules (with inner line)
Verbal table - Known as a chart.
Graph - Consisting horizontal axis (independent variable) and vertical axis (dependent variable)
Bar graph - Consisting rectangular bar.
Multiple bar graph - Having two or more rectangular bars.
Line graph - Using line to show relationship among numbers.
Multiple line graph - Consisting multiple line in different color or type (better for 2-4).
"Picto"graph - It is not good choice to represent data in high-precision.
Icon - Does not require figure numbers, captions, or titles.
Diagram - Known as line drawing.
Picture - Should have clear resolution and focus on a particular idea.
Chart
Flowchart - Consisting shape (optional), line, and arrow.
Decision flowchart - type and color of shape are important.
Organizational chart
Gantt chart - Without figure or table name