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Intellectual Disability (Current situation (unequal access healthcare, not…
Intellectual Disability
History
Pre 1800s- mixed social rxn
Early 1800s-optimistic for reintegration
Program focus: physiological, moral education, how to make them become more like ppl in society
Late 1800s- industrial revolution, institutions started
Educate "Feebleminded"- segregation term, expts done to see if medicine will fix them. Thought that Switzerland air in mountains will reduce feeble mindedness
Residential facility Abensberg: created prototype for institutional care.
Problems with institutes: shared acccomodation, lack indv, same meal times, limited choices
1950s-Today: move towards advocacy, community living
1990s Brisbane:change provision services to PWID
What influenced change?
Normalisatoin
Social role dev: everybody should have impt role eg. family/work role
Close institution, now community based accomodation
2019 +
NDIS (National Disability Insurance Scheme)
New way of providing community linking, indv support for ppl w permanent, significant disabilities, their fam
Autism cooperative research
Anxiety intervention program for adults with ASD: how ppl report, what assessments used, then design interventions
Defn
Deficits in intellectual fns eg. reasoning, problem solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academics, learning from experience. Confirmed by clinical assessment, indv, standardised intelligence testing
Deficits in adaptive functioning, result in failure to meet dev., sociocultural standards for personal independence, social responsibility. W/o support, adaptive deficits limit fning in ADL
Onset of intellectual, adaptive deficits during dev. period
Specifiers
Levels of severity defined on adaptive fn bcos determines lvl of support required, X IQ scores (less valid in lower end of IQ range)
Types: Mild, moderate, severe, profound. Checked against conceptual, social, practical domains, age levels
Current situation
unequal access healthcare, not diagnosed
Change in DSM: diagnostic criteria for autism: might have picked up more cases of autism in diff levels
Unmet needs for assistance in Australian Autism popn esp. cognitive/emotional tasks, communication
2012: ID was most common in very young/very old. Some
ppl with ID have severe communication limitations eg. verbal, gestural, pictoral
PWID ADL problems: self care, mobility, communication
Parents/caregivers impt
Prevalence of ID
Profound/ severe core activity limitation. Restrictions in sch, employment
23% mild or moderate core activity limitation: had difficulty w at least one of core activities OR minor tasks
In the past, mental health illness associated w ID