Purity

The evaporated mixture is then condensed back into liquid

Pure substances

Contain only one element

Weaker than mixtures

Have low melting points

Distillation

Used to separate liquids

You heat a solution to separate them using boiling ppoints

The liquid with the lowest boiling point evaporates

The evaporated mixture is then condensed back into liquid

Filtration

Used to separate insoluble solid from liquid

Filter paper allows liquids to go through

Filter paper dosn’t allow insoluble solids to filter through

Crystallisation

Separates soluble solid from a solution

Heat the solution till the water evaporates

The crystals left are the product

Chromatography

Stationary phase is where nothing moves

Mobile phase

1 draw a base line

2 put mixture to be separated on the line

3 pour solvent into a beaker

4 dip the paper in the solvent

5 put a watch glass over the top of the beaker

6 this will stop the solvent from evaporating

7 the solvent will start to move up the paper

8 when the chemicals dissolve in the solvent they will also move up the paper

9 different chemicals will move different distances

10 mark the distance the solvent has used

Water treatment

Surface water

Ground water

Waste water

Water purified in plants

Can distillate sea water

Filtration

Sedimentation

Chlorination