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How the Market Revolution affected the lives of workers, women and African…
How the Market Revolution affected the lives of workers, women and African Americans
Workers lives changed as working conditions did
consisted of women and children in factories, men in business
families got separated because there was no working as a "family economy" anymore due to increased workers in factories rather than household
Workers had harsher conditions in factories than at home
thousands of poor women of city dwellers and farming families worked as domestic servants, factory workers, and seamstresses to contribute to their families' survival
"social justice"
male was the head of the household who should command a "family wage" to support his wife and children
Women also had lack of opportunity
traditional roles were undermined by factories
some embraced new definition of femininity: glorified women's economic contribution to family, but private environment in the home as well. Others followed work to the factories.
Earlier ideology continued. The
Cult of Domesticity
encouraged the idea of women obedience, submission, and humility.
Women had to sustain love, friendship, and mutual obligation. Her job was to provide shelter for the man, away from the stress of market competition.
idea of domesticity confined women to the private sphere and decreased women's direct and indirect participation and influence in the outside world as men freely moved between the public and private spheres
evolved from the earlier ideology of "republican motherhood", which gave women a public role as mothers of future citizens
Women still had limited social rights.
paid less than men
couldn't control own wages until civil war
The male head of the household was expected to command a "family wage", which supported the wife and children.
were able to work only low-paying jobs
couldn't compete freely for employment
married women couldn't sign independent contracts or sue in their own names
Race and Opportunity: Limited freedoms for blacks
Lack of opportunities for them
Often due to racism and segregation
white artisans excluded them from opportunity
not allowed to enter in some territories: Illinois, Iowa, Oregon
They often lived in the poorest places which had little opportunities
Constructed their own churches and education facilities
Often attacked by white mobs
These destroyed their businesses and homes
1829, Cincinnati