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EARLIEST PEOPLE (HUNTERS/GATHERS) (THINGS WHICH HELPED THEM DECIDE PLACE…
EARLIEST PEOPLE (HUNTERS/GATHERS)
STAGES
Mesolithic middle stone age
12,000 - 10,000 years ago
In this period there were environmental changes
stone tools found in this period were usually smaller than the ones found in 'PALEOLITHIC/OLD STONE AGE' , which were known as MICROLITHS
Microliths were stuck onto handles made of bones and wood to make tools such as saws and sickles
Neolithic new stone age
less than 10,000 years ago
In this stage cities had started to develop near the Indus valley
This was the final stage of human evolution
WHERE DID THEY LIVE
Factories
Places were stones are found ,and people make tools were known as factories
Blocks of stone tools that were made and chips of waste are left behind are found in these sites.
Habitation
A site were people lived a
Example - cave, rock shelters
people chose natural caves because -
unfavorable climatic conditions
heat
rain
wind
wild animals
Factory - cum - Habitation
These places served as factories and habitation
When people lived in these kind of places they turned into factory - cum - places
WHY DID THEY MOVE FROM PLACE TO PLACE
There are five main reasons why hunters - gathers might have moved from place to place -
The climatic change had forced them to change place, as they did not have clothes according to seasons
They looked for water , which was always near lakes , streams , and many more water bodies
They moved to follow animal which moved place to place , to prey them
They also moved for socialization , to meet with their friend , relatives and many more
To search for wild food
eggs
stalks
leaves
seeds
nuts
roots
fruits
INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES
Fire
uses of fire
For cooking food
Acted like light in the night
Scaring away animals
Farming & Growing
Stone tools
Uses of stone tools
Scrape wood of the bark of trees
Dig the ground for roots
Cutting wood to make huts
TECHNIQUES TO MAKE TOOLS
Stone on stone technique
Pressure flaking
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES
Definition -
Archaeological places where the remains of the (tools, pots, buildings, etc.)were found. These places were made, used and left behind by our ancestors, which we find, and called Archeological sites or Archeological things
Three types of archaeological sites
Habitation eg the Vindhyas & Deccan Plateau near Narmada valley
Habitation - cum - factery
Factory
HOW DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE PAST
Archaeological evidence helps us to know about the earliest people
Example of Archaeological evidance
scrape bark
cut meat & bone
digging rocks
spears
stitching rocks
bow and arrows
stones to chop wood
chop wood
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE SKILLS THE CHILDREN HAVE NOW AND THEN
SKILLS THE CHILDREN HAD IN THE PAST
Setting traps
Running
Knowing which are edible fruits, which are poisonous
Detecting where bounds of animals
Knowing when and where to to grow certain crops
Making stone tools
Knowing good quality stones to make better tools
SKILLS THE CHILDREN HAVE RIGHT NOW
Modern Technolagy
Modern education
Changing social behavior
Globalization
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE REASONS THAT PEOPLE TRAVEL NOW AND THEN
Reasons to travel right now
Trade
Medical reasons
Education
Political insecurity
Job opportunities
Exploration
Business trips
Reasons to travel in the past
Climatic reasons
To meet freinds
Search for water
Following trails of animals , to hunt for food
THINGS WHICH HELPED THEM DECIDE PLACE TO LIVE
Availability of natural caves
Availability of wild plants from which they could gather fruits and roots
Availability of water
Trails of wild animals
Availability of good quality of stones