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2.4 Transboundary Water Conflicts (Causes (Political
(only for specific…
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Transboundary Water Conflicts
Conflicts that cut across political boundaries of two or more countries, occurring between upstream and downstream riparian states that share a common river
- Mainly due to difference in dvlpmt agendas resulting in demand outstripping supply of the shared water resource
- Driven by economic, demographic and political reasons
- Activities like dam construction that reduces water quality & quantity for surrounding riparian states
- econ are causes, but demo and political reasons are the underlying drivers
- econ largest scale as it accounts for conflicts in all 3 basins, while demo & poli smaller scale
- Difference in claims results in conflicts
- Upper: absolute territorial sovereignty, claim the right to do whatever they want regardless of the impacts on other riparian states
- Lower: absolute integrity, claim that upper riparian states cannot do anything that affects the quantity or quality of the water that flows to them
- Exacerbated by impacts of CC + growing demand = worsened PWS
Economic: Agriculture
- 6 countries & 70mil ppl rely on it
- Up: China, Myanmar, Vietnam
- Down: Cambodia, Thailand, Laos
- Accounts for 80% of protein in household diets
- Provides revenues of US $2bil/year for fisheries
- 11 countries & >200mil rely on Nile directly for food/water
- Up: Uganda
- Down: Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan
- Only major reliable source of renewable water supply
- Popn expected to double in the next 25 years from 450bil
- Experiences PWS due to location in North Eastern Africa (semi-arid)
- To worsen w CC & droughts
- 6 countries & >20mil rely on it for drinking water/industrial
- Up: Switzerland, France, Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein
- Down: Netherlands